Scripting and Programming Foundations
- D278 Exam Questions with 100%
Detailed Answers
Computer program - ✔✔instructions executing one at a time
Basic instruction types - ✔✔input, process, output
input - ✔✔A program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen,
network, etc.
process - ✔✔A program performs computations on that data, such as adding
two values like x + y.
output - ✔✔A program puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen,
network, etc.
variable - ✔✔programs use these because its value varies e.g. x, y, z; some
name that can hold a value; named item
Computational Thinking - ✔✔creating a sequence of instructions to solve a
problem
Algorithm - ✔✔A sequence of instructions that solves a problem
Flowchart - ✔✔graphical language for creating or viewing computer programs
coral language - ✔✔A language intended for learning to program
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,program - ✔✔list/sequence of statements
statement - ✔✔carries out some action and executes one at a time; specific
action; set of instructions
node - ✔✔each statement is located in one of these (e.g. coral language has
these in graphical ____)
interpreter - ✔✔tool that runs a program's statements
run and execute - ✔✔Words for carrying out a program's statements.
start - ✔✔program execution begins at the ____ node
input statement - ✔✔variable = Get next input; commonly a parallelogram in a
coral flowchart
output statement - ✔✔put item to output
string literal - ✔✔consists of text (characters) within double quotes, as in "Go
#57!".
character - ✔✔includes any letter (a-z) or digit (0-9) or symbol (#,@,&,!, etc.)
cursor - ✔✔indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output
newline - ✔✔Special two-character sequence \n whose appearance in an output
string literal causes the cursor to move to the next output line.
put x to output - ✔✔outputting a variable's value is achieved by
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, comment - ✔✔text a programmer adds to a program, to be read by humans to
better understand code, but ignored by the program when executing; usually
starts with "//"
Whitespace - ✔✔refers to blank spaces (space and tab characters) between
items within a statements, and to newlines; helps improve readability for
humans, but is ignored during execution by program
switch - ✔✔either a 1 (on) or a 0 (off)
Moore's Law - ✔✔reducing switch sizes by half nearly every 2 years
Information Age - ✔✔began in 1990s; human activity shifting to
creating/managing/using computerized information; agricultural age ->
industrial age -> ___
bit - ✔✔single 0 or a single 1
byte - ✔✔8 bits
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - ✔✔ASCII; uses 7
bits per code and has codes for 128 characters; 1963
Unicode - ✔✔1991; codes have more bits than ASCII; represent over 100,000
items such as symbols and non-English characters
decimal numbers - ✔✔base ten numbers
3|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
- D278 Exam Questions with 100%
Detailed Answers
Computer program - ✔✔instructions executing one at a time
Basic instruction types - ✔✔input, process, output
input - ✔✔A program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen,
network, etc.
process - ✔✔A program performs computations on that data, such as adding
two values like x + y.
output - ✔✔A program puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen,
network, etc.
variable - ✔✔programs use these because its value varies e.g. x, y, z; some
name that can hold a value; named item
Computational Thinking - ✔✔creating a sequence of instructions to solve a
problem
Algorithm - ✔✔A sequence of instructions that solves a problem
Flowchart - ✔✔graphical language for creating or viewing computer programs
coral language - ✔✔A language intended for learning to program
1|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,program - ✔✔list/sequence of statements
statement - ✔✔carries out some action and executes one at a time; specific
action; set of instructions
node - ✔✔each statement is located in one of these (e.g. coral language has
these in graphical ____)
interpreter - ✔✔tool that runs a program's statements
run and execute - ✔✔Words for carrying out a program's statements.
start - ✔✔program execution begins at the ____ node
input statement - ✔✔variable = Get next input; commonly a parallelogram in a
coral flowchart
output statement - ✔✔put item to output
string literal - ✔✔consists of text (characters) within double quotes, as in "Go
#57!".
character - ✔✔includes any letter (a-z) or digit (0-9) or symbol (#,@,&,!, etc.)
cursor - ✔✔indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output
newline - ✔✔Special two-character sequence \n whose appearance in an output
string literal causes the cursor to move to the next output line.
put x to output - ✔✔outputting a variable's value is achieved by
2|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, comment - ✔✔text a programmer adds to a program, to be read by humans to
better understand code, but ignored by the program when executing; usually
starts with "//"
Whitespace - ✔✔refers to blank spaces (space and tab characters) between
items within a statements, and to newlines; helps improve readability for
humans, but is ignored during execution by program
switch - ✔✔either a 1 (on) or a 0 (off)
Moore's Law - ✔✔reducing switch sizes by half nearly every 2 years
Information Age - ✔✔began in 1990s; human activity shifting to
creating/managing/using computerized information; agricultural age ->
industrial age -> ___
bit - ✔✔single 0 or a single 1
byte - ✔✔8 bits
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - ✔✔ASCII; uses 7
bits per code and has codes for 128 characters; 1963
Unicode - ✔✔1991; codes have more bits than ASCII; represent over 100,000
items such as symbols and non-English characters
decimal numbers - ✔✔base ten numbers
3|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
