PSYO 335 Midterm 1 Study Guide

PSYOi335iMidtermi1iStudyiGuide
WhatiisiaiDrug?i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiAisubstanceithatialtersitheiphysiologyiofitheibodyibutiisinotiaifoodiorinutrient.

psychoactiveidrugsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiicrossitheiblood-brainibarrier

actiuponitheicentralinervousisystemi

affectibrainifunctioni

changeiperception,imood,iconsciousness,icognition,ibehavior

usedirecreationally,ientheogenetically,imedically

NamesiofiDrugsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiChemicaliName

GenericiName

TradeiName

StreetiName

DrugiNamesi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiAidrug'sichemicalinameirevealsiitsichemicalicompositioniandimolecularistructure

Pharmaceuticalicompaniesialsoimayipatentibrandinames,ioritradeinames,iforitheiriproduct

GenericiDrugsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiicontainisameiactiveiingredientsiasitheioriginalibrandinameidrug

mustibeipharmacologicallyiequivalent.

Excipientsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiCarrierimedium

Moreiweightiincreasesichargeiwithisameidoses

USAi-isellingi100idosesiofipureiLSDi=iminimumisentencei<i1yri
100idosesionipaperi=iMinisentenceitwoiyears,ithreeimonths
100idosesionisugaricubesi=iMinisentencei>i15iyears

Sarafemi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiMarketedibyiitsimanufacturer,iEliiLilly,iforiPMDDitreatmentiafteriitiacquiredianother
ipatent--Prozac'sipatentiwasidueitoiexpire.i



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,Lillyispentimoreithani$30imillionipromotingitheidrug

Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokineticsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiWhatiaidrugidoesitoitheibody

pharmacodynamicsiisitheieffectithatidrugsihaveionitheibody

pharmacokineticsiisitheistudyiofitheiwayiiniwhichidrugsimoveithroughitheibodyiduringiabsorp
tion,idistribution,imetabolismiandiexcretion

DescribingiDosesi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiMilligrams:i1/1000iofiaigram

Dosesigiveniiniaccordanceitoibodyiweighti(/kg)

DoseiResponseiRelationshipsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiifindidrugieffectsibyistudyingidifidosesiandimeasureiresponseichanges.

Relationshipibetweenidoseiandiresponseiisicalleditheidose-responseicurvei(DRC).

ImportanticharacteristiciofiDRCi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiSlope

Slopei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiRefersitoitheimostlyilinearicentralipartiofitheicurve;ihowisharplyitheieffectichangesiwi
thieachichangeiinidose.

Ifiaismallichangeiinidoseiproducesiailargeichangeiinieffect,itheislopeiisisteep.

Ifilargeichangesiinidoseiproducesismallichangesiinieffect,itheislopeiisishallow.

DescribingiDosesi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiED50

LD50

ED50i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiTheiMedianieffectiveidose

Theidoseithatiisieffectiveiini50%iofitheisubjectsitested.

LD50i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiMedianilethalidose

Theidoseithatiwasilethaliini50%iofitheisubjectsitested.

TherapeuticiIndexi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiTIi=iLD50i/iED50




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,TheigreateritheiTI,itheisaferitheidrug;itheidifferenceibetweenitheidesiredieffectianditheiundesir
ediorilethalieffectiisilarger.

Toibeisafer,itheiTIicanibeicalculatedibyiusingitheiLD1i/iED99

TheiloweritheiTI,itheiloweritheisafety.

THCi-i>1000,iMorphinei-i70,iCocainei-i15,iAlcoholi-i10,iHeroini-i6

Otherifactorsitoiconsideri-iease/ispeedioficonsumption

TherapeuticiWindowi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiTheitherapeuticiwindowiisiairangeiofibloodiconcentrationsiofiaimedicineiaboveiaileve
lithatiisiineffectivei(therapeuticilevel)iandiailevelithatihasitoxicisideieffectsi(toxicilevel).

Complicatedibyiabsorptioni/iexcretionicurves

PotencyiandiEffectivenessi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiTheiextentiofitheidrugsieffect

Potencyi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiDifferencesiinitheiED50

E.g.ifetanyliisimuchimoreipotentithaniheroin

Effectivenessi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiDifferencesiinitheimaximumieffectithatidrugsiwilliproduceiatianyidose

e.g.itakingi50iaspiriniversusimorphine
Morphineiwilliworkibetter

EffectivenessiDefinitioni-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiTheimaximumieffectiobtainable,iwithiadditionalidosesiproducinginoieffect.i

Someidrugsimayibeipotent,ibutitheyimightineveribeiableitoiproduceiaipeakiresponseinoimatter
ihowimuchiisigiven

Aidrugithatiisimoreieffectiveicaniproduceiaigreateripeak,iorimaximum,ieffectithaniaidrugithatii
silessieffective.

Primary/mainieffecti-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiIntendediresultiinitreatment

Sideieffecti-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiUnintended;i

Mayibeiharmful

Addiction?


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, DrugiInteractionsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiDrugiAntagonism

AdditiveiEffect

SuperadditiveiEffect

DrugiAntagonismi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiOneidrugidiminishesitheieffectiofitheiother

AdditiveiEffecti-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiShiftsitheiDRCitoitheileft

SuperadditiveiEffect/Potentiation/iAgonismi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiCombiningidrugsiincreasesitheieffect

Physiological
-Alcoholi&isedatives

Behavioral
-Alcoholi&istimulants

Pharmacokinetics:i-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiWhatitheibodyidoesitoiaidrug

Absorption,iTransport,iExcretion

Administrationi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiihowiaidrugigetsiintoitheibody

Absorbtioni-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiHowiaidrugigetsiintoitheiblood

Distributioni-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiHowiititravels

Bindingiatisitesiofiactioni-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiwhereitheidrugineedsitoigo

Inactivationiandiexcretioni-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiihowitheidrugileaves

Routesiforiadministration:
parenterali-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiunderitheiskini

vehicleiisineededi(e.g.iliquid)

Parenteraliroutesi-i


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