Psychopharmacology Midterm

PsychopharmacologyiMidterm
pharmacologyi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitheiscientificistudyiofitheiactionsiofidrugsianditheirieffectsioniailivingiorganism

psychopharmacologyi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitheiscientificistudyithatiincludesipharmacologyiandiisiespeciallyiconcernediwithidru
giactionsithatiresultiinichangesiinimoodi(affect),icognition,iandibehavior

not,iintruderi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiAidrugiisi___iaifamiliarifrienditoitheibrainianditoiitsichemicaliprocesses.iItiisiani___
_____.

onlyionei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNoidrugihasi____i___ieffect

favorableibalancei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiAipsychotropicimedicationiatibesticaniachieveiai_________i_______ibetweenihelpi
ngiandiharmingieffects.

non-drugi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiWheniappropriate,ialwaysiconsideritheiuseiofi________itreatmentsiinicombinationi
withimedications.

heightenioridiminishi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiAniexogenousipsychotropicimedicationiwilli________i__i________itheiendogenous
ifunctionalineurochemistryiofitheibrain.

exogenousichemicali-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiDrugsiarei"Ani_________i________inotinecessaryiforinormalicellularifunctioningith
atisignificantlyialtersitheifunctionioficertainicellsiofitheibodyiwhenitakeniinirelativelyilowidos
es."

effects,isitesiofiactioni-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiDrugsihavei________i(i.e.,ichangesithaticanibeiobservediiniphysiologicaliprocessesi
andibehavior)iandi_____i__i______i(sitesiwhereidrugimoleculesiinteractiwithicellularistructur
es).

isinoti-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiAineurotransmitteriis/isinotiaidrug.

d.ialliofitheiabovei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiAidrugicanimakeiaipresynapticiactionipotentiali______i__________itoichangeitheip
ostsynapticipotential.
a.imoreilikely
b.ilessilikely
c.iTheidrugihasinoiimpactioniwhetheriaipresynapticiactionipotentialichangesitheipostsynaptici
potential.

1i|iP a g e

,d.ialliofitheiabove

pharmacokineticsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiThisiisihowitheibodyihandlesidrugs.

pharmacodynamicsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiThisiisihowidrugsiactionitheibody.

synapticigapi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiThisiisithei"fieldiofiplay"ibetweenitheipresynapticiandipostsynapticineurons.

presynaptic,ipostsynaptici-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiEndogenousifunctioningiofisignalitransmissioniandineuronalicommunicationiviaiacti
onipotentials,ineurotransmitters,iandipostsynapticipotentialsioccursifromithei__________ineur
onitoithei____________ineuron.

endocannabinoids,initricioxide,iNGFi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiTheseiNT'siactuallyipassifromitheipostsynapticineuronitoitheipresynapticineuron.

synapticivesiclesi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiTheseistoreiconcentrationsiofineurotransmitter.

enzymesi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiTheseisynthesizeiandidegradeineurotransmitter.

mitochondriai-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiInilargeinumbers,itheseiprovideienergyitoineurons.

presynapticireceptors,iionichannels,iautoreceptorsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiTheseiareispecialisurfaceistructuresionipresynapticineurons.

postsynapticireceptorsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiOnitheipostsynapticineuron,ithereiareiNTi_________i_________ofiseveralidifferenti
typesithatiareispecializedisurfaceistructures.

GABA,iGlutamate,iAcetylcholine,iSerotonin,iDopamine,iNorepinephrinei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiThei"classicisix"ineurotransmitters

Aminoiacidsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiGlutamateiandiGABAiareiinithisicategoryiofiNT's,ialongiwithiaspartate.

Acetylcholinei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiThisiclassiciNTiisiiniaimajoricategoryiofiitsiown.

Amines/monoaminesi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiSerotonin,idopamine,inorepinephrine,ihistamine,iandiepinephrineiareiinithisimajoric
ategoryiofiNT's.

peptidesi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiEndogenousiopioidsiareiinithisicategoryiofiNT's.


2i|iP a g e

, lipidsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiEndogenousicannabinoidsiareiinithisicategoryiofiNT's.

solubleigasesi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNitricioxideiandicarbonimonoxideiareiinithisicategoryiofiNT's.

adenosinei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiThisiisiani"other"iNTinotiiniaimajoricategory,iwhichimayiresolveitoiNT'siorineurom
odulators.

exogenousi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiInitheisynapticigap,i_________ifunctioningiofimedicinalidrugs,irecreationalidrugs,id
rugsiofiabuse,ianditoxinsimeansithatitheyicomeiinifromitheisidei(notitheipre-ioripost-
synapticineurons),iwhichiisialsoitheiendogenousifunctioningiforisomeineuromodulatorsiandih
ormones.

targetisitesiofiactioni-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiTransportersi(~30%),ig-protein-linkedireceptorsi(~30%),ienzymesi(~10%),iligand-
gatediion-channelireceptorsi(~20%),iandivoltage-
gatediionichannelsi(~10%)icaniallibei______i_____i__i______iforidrugs.

30,ipresynapticireuptakeitransporters,ivesicleistorageitransportersi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiApprox.i__%ioficurrentipsychoactiveimedicationsiactionitransporters,iandithereiareit
woisubtypes:i____________i______i____________i(moreicommon)iandi______i______i___
___________i(moreirare).

Presynapticireuptakei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiTheseiareialli________i________itransporters:
Sodium/Chloride-CouplediTransporters
Monoamines
SerotoniniTransporteri(SERT)
NorepinephrineiTransporteri(NET)
DopamineiTransporteri(DAT)
GABAiTransporter
GlycineiTransporter
High-Affinity*iGlutamateiTransporters

affinityi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii________iisiaimeasureiofitheistrengthiofiattractionibetweeniaireceptoriandiitsiligand.

monoaminei-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii"Drugsithatiblocki__________itransportersiareiamongitheimostifrequentlyiprescribe
dipsychotropicidrugs.iInifact,iroughlyiaithirdiofitheicurrentlyiprescribediessentialipsychotropi
cidrugsiactibyitargetingioneiofimoreiofitheithreei(ofithese)itransporters."

antidepressants,istimulantsi-i
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiManyiofitheseitypesiofipsychotropicimedsiblockimonoamineitransporters.

reuptake,ilonger,istronglyi-i

3i|iP a g e