1. What is the main role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
A. To form the ribosome
B. To carry amino acids to the ribosome
C. To create the mRNA template
D. To synthesize ATP
Answer: B) To carry amino acids to the ribosome
Rationale: Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports amino acids to the
ribosome, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain
during translation.
2. What is the result of a frame shift mutation?
A. A protein is produced with no change in amino acid sequence.
B. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is completely changed.
C. The gene is not transcribed into mRNA.
D. The protein is produced with a single missing amino acid.
Answer: B) The sequence of amino acids in a protein is completely
changed.
Rationale: A frameshift mutation alters the reading frame of the gene,
leading to a completely different amino acid sequence downstream of
the mutation.
,3. Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomal RNA
(rRNA)?
A. To carry genetic information
B. To assist in the synthesis of proteins
C. To bind to specific amino acids
D. To break down proteins
Answer: B) To assist in the synthesis of proteins
Rationale: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a key component of ribosomes,
which are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
4. In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Answer: B) S phase
Rationale: DNA replication occurs during the S (Synthesis) phase of the
cell cycle to ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of
the genome.
5. Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
, C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C) Anaphase
Rationale: During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated and
pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.
6. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
A. Ionic bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Covalent bond
D. Metallic bond
Answer: B) Hydrogen bond
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds hold the complementary base pairs
together in the double-stranded DNA structure, ensuring the stability
of the DNA helix.
7. What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
A. Oxygen
B. NADH
C. Glucose
D. Carbon dioxide
Answer: A) Oxygen
A. To form the ribosome
B. To carry amino acids to the ribosome
C. To create the mRNA template
D. To synthesize ATP
Answer: B) To carry amino acids to the ribosome
Rationale: Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports amino acids to the
ribosome, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain
during translation.
2. What is the result of a frame shift mutation?
A. A protein is produced with no change in amino acid sequence.
B. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is completely changed.
C. The gene is not transcribed into mRNA.
D. The protein is produced with a single missing amino acid.
Answer: B) The sequence of amino acids in a protein is completely
changed.
Rationale: A frameshift mutation alters the reading frame of the gene,
leading to a completely different amino acid sequence downstream of
the mutation.
,3. Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomal RNA
(rRNA)?
A. To carry genetic information
B. To assist in the synthesis of proteins
C. To bind to specific amino acids
D. To break down proteins
Answer: B) To assist in the synthesis of proteins
Rationale: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a key component of ribosomes,
which are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
4. In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Answer: B) S phase
Rationale: DNA replication occurs during the S (Synthesis) phase of the
cell cycle to ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of
the genome.
5. Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
, C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C) Anaphase
Rationale: During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated and
pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.
6. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
A. Ionic bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Covalent bond
D. Metallic bond
Answer: B) Hydrogen bond
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds hold the complementary base pairs
together in the double-stranded DNA structure, ensuring the stability
of the DNA helix.
7. What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
A. Oxygen
B. NADH
C. Glucose
D. Carbon dioxide
Answer: A) Oxygen
