Test Bank- Pediatric Physical Examination: An Illustrated Handbook 4th Edition (Karen G. Duderstadt, 2025) Latest Edition|| All Chapters

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Pediatric Physical Examination An Illustrated
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Handbook 4th Edition
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DuderstadtTestBank z zz




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Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
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MULTIPLE CHOICE zz




1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best
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zz describes development in infants and children?
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a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz



normal limits.
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b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
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c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz



occurring first.
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d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth. zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz




ANS: A zz




Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs
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zz function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can vary
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zz normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a
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definition for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle
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zz organization occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more
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complex process that is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately
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zz measured. Growth is a predictable process with standard measurement methods.
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2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
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a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify
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any delays or deficits.
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b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
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c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
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d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
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ANS: C zz




Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
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zz developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of
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zz time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that
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zz requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a
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nurturing environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation
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zz specific to their developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed
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zz in a predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
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3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
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a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics

d. Nutrition


ANS: C zz




Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
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zz factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do
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zz not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant
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zz factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and
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zz development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant
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zz role in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can
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zz influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors
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cannot eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant
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zz role throughout childhood.
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4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the
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zz period of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from
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z z fantasy is the period of cognitive development.
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a. sensorimotor




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