NURS6202
Advanced Pathophysiology
Comprehensive Finals Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
- A) Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
- B) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
- C) Excessive insulin production
- D) Increased glucagon secretion
- ANS: B) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
- Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin
deficiency.
©2024/2025
,2. What is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)?
- A) Genetic mutations
- B) Viral infections
- C) Long-term exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke
- D) Autoimmune reactions
- ANS: C) Long-term exposure to irritants such as tobacco
smoke
- Rationale: The primary cause of COPD is long-term
exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke, which leads to
inflammation and damage to the airways and alveoli.
3. Which of the following is NOT a common complication of
hypertension?
- A) Stroke
- B) Myocardial infarction
- C) Chronic kidney disease
- D) Hypotension
- ANS: D) Hypotension
- Rationale: Common complications of hypertension include
stroke, myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease.
Hypotension is not a complication of hypertension.
©2024/2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The __________ pathway is primarily responsible for the
inflammatory response in asthma.
- ANS: Th2 (T-helper 2)
- Rationale: The Th2 (T-helper 2) pathway is primarily
responsible for the inflammatory response in asthma, leading to
the production of cytokines that promote eosinophilic
inflammation.
5. In heart failure, the __________ mechanism is activated to
compensate for decreased cardiac output.
- ANS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
- Rationale: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS) is activated in heart failure to compensate for decreased
cardiac output by increasing blood volume and vascular
resistance.
6. The __________ is the primary site of damage in
glomerulonephritis.
- ANS: Glomerulus
- Rationale: The glomerulus is the primary site of damage in
glomerulonephritis, leading to impaired kidney function and
proteinuria.
©2024/2025
, True/False Questions
7. True or False: In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system
attacks the synovial membrane, leading to joint inflammation and
damage.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system
attacks the synovial membrane, leading to joint inflammation and
damage.
8. True or False: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by decreased
levels of thyroid hormones.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by increased
levels of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as weight
loss, heat intolerance, and tachycardia.
9. True or False: In multiple sclerosis, the immune system
attacks the myelin sheath of nerve fibers in the central nervous
system.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: In multiple sclerosis, the immune system attacks
the myelin sheath of nerve fibers in the central nervous system,
leading to impaired nerve conduction and neurological symptoms.
©2024/2025
Advanced Pathophysiology
Comprehensive Finals Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
- A) Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
- B) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
- C) Excessive insulin production
- D) Increased glucagon secretion
- ANS: B) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
- Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin
deficiency.
©2024/2025
,2. What is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)?
- A) Genetic mutations
- B) Viral infections
- C) Long-term exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke
- D) Autoimmune reactions
- ANS: C) Long-term exposure to irritants such as tobacco
smoke
- Rationale: The primary cause of COPD is long-term
exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke, which leads to
inflammation and damage to the airways and alveoli.
3. Which of the following is NOT a common complication of
hypertension?
- A) Stroke
- B) Myocardial infarction
- C) Chronic kidney disease
- D) Hypotension
- ANS: D) Hypotension
- Rationale: Common complications of hypertension include
stroke, myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease.
Hypotension is not a complication of hypertension.
©2024/2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The __________ pathway is primarily responsible for the
inflammatory response in asthma.
- ANS: Th2 (T-helper 2)
- Rationale: The Th2 (T-helper 2) pathway is primarily
responsible for the inflammatory response in asthma, leading to
the production of cytokines that promote eosinophilic
inflammation.
5. In heart failure, the __________ mechanism is activated to
compensate for decreased cardiac output.
- ANS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
- Rationale: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS) is activated in heart failure to compensate for decreased
cardiac output by increasing blood volume and vascular
resistance.
6. The __________ is the primary site of damage in
glomerulonephritis.
- ANS: Glomerulus
- Rationale: The glomerulus is the primary site of damage in
glomerulonephritis, leading to impaired kidney function and
proteinuria.
©2024/2025
, True/False Questions
7. True or False: In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system
attacks the synovial membrane, leading to joint inflammation and
damage.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system
attacks the synovial membrane, leading to joint inflammation and
damage.
8. True or False: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by decreased
levels of thyroid hormones.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by increased
levels of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as weight
loss, heat intolerance, and tachycardia.
9. True or False: In multiple sclerosis, the immune system
attacks the myelin sheath of nerve fibers in the central nervous
system.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: In multiple sclerosis, the immune system attacks
the myelin sheath of nerve fibers in the central nervous system,
leading to impaired nerve conduction and neurological symptoms.
©2024/2025
