MED SURG - Heart Failure + Pulmonary Edema Study
Set With 100% Verified Solutions!!
Preload - ANSWER>>Volume coming into the ventricles (end of diastole)
Afterload - ANSWER>>The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.
cardiac output - ANSWER>>The volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart
in one minute:
heart rate x stroke volume
When is preload increased? - ANSWER>>hypervolemia, regurgitation of cardiac
valves, heart failure
When is preload decreased? - ANSWER>>dehydration, diuretics
when is afterload increased? - ANSWER>>hypertension, vasoconstriction
when is afterload decreased? - ANSWER>>vasodilation
What are the contributing factors to left sided heart failure? - ANSWER>>Hypertension
producing left ventricular hypertrophy, MI secondary to CAD, valve disease (mitral and
aortic)
What are the contributing factors to right sided heart failure? - ANSWER>>Left-sided
ventricular failure, right ventricular failure, MI, pulmonary disease (COPD, pulmonary
fibrosis)
,What are the contributing factors to Cardiomyopathy? - ANSWER>>CAD,
infection/inflammation of the heart muscle (endocarditis, pericarditis), pregnancy,
prolonged alcohol use, and heredity
heart failure risk factors - ANSWER>>Diabetes Mellitus, hyperlipidemia,
dysrhythmias/atrial fibrillation
systolic heart failure (HFrEF) - ANSWER>>Pumping problem
diastolic heart failure (HFpEF) - ANSWER>>Filling problem
Left-Sided Heart Failure - ANSWER>>Inability of heart to generate adequate output to
perfuse vital tissues.
Impaired emptying and reduced SV --> reduced CO
Results in pulmonary congestion due to decreased ejection fraction
Left sided heart failure symptoms - ANSWER>>Left = lungs (and heart)
SOB or dyspnea
Pulmonary congestion (dyspnea, cough, bibasilar crackles)
Frothy sputum
Poor color, weak pulses, cool temp
Fatigue; altered mental status
Nocturia and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Manifestations of organ failure (oliguria)
Myocardial ischemia and workload causes _________________ _________ or disruption of
normal myocardial structure ---> ____________ of myocardium - ANSWER>>ventricular
remodeling; dilation
, what happens in left sided heart failure? - ANSWER>>Left ventricular dysfunction
increases blood volume in LV, increasing atrial pressure, forcing fluid into the
pulmonary tissues
Myocardial ischemia and workload
cardiomegaly - ANSWER>>abnormal enlargement of the heart
Right-Sided Heart Failure - ANSWER>>Inability of right ventricle to provide adequate
blood flow into pulmonary circulation
The most common cause of Right-Sided Heart Failure is? - ANSWER>>Left-Sided Heart
Failure - increase in left ventricular filling pressure reflected back into pulmonary
circulation
Right sided heart failure symptoms - ANSWER>>JVD
Ascending dependent pitting edema (legs, ankles, and sacrum)
Weight gain
Abdominal distension
Fatigue, weakness
Nausea and anorexia
Polyuria at rest
Liver enlargement (hepatomegaly) and tenderness
What are the key components in the cycle of heart failure? - ANSWER>>Decreasing
contractility, CO, and EF
Kidney response --> increased preload and increased afterload
Hypertrophy of heart
Progressive worsening symptoms
Further reduced contractility, CO, EF
Set With 100% Verified Solutions!!
Preload - ANSWER>>Volume coming into the ventricles (end of diastole)
Afterload - ANSWER>>The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.
cardiac output - ANSWER>>The volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart
in one minute:
heart rate x stroke volume
When is preload increased? - ANSWER>>hypervolemia, regurgitation of cardiac
valves, heart failure
When is preload decreased? - ANSWER>>dehydration, diuretics
when is afterload increased? - ANSWER>>hypertension, vasoconstriction
when is afterload decreased? - ANSWER>>vasodilation
What are the contributing factors to left sided heart failure? - ANSWER>>Hypertension
producing left ventricular hypertrophy, MI secondary to CAD, valve disease (mitral and
aortic)
What are the contributing factors to right sided heart failure? - ANSWER>>Left-sided
ventricular failure, right ventricular failure, MI, pulmonary disease (COPD, pulmonary
fibrosis)
,What are the contributing factors to Cardiomyopathy? - ANSWER>>CAD,
infection/inflammation of the heart muscle (endocarditis, pericarditis), pregnancy,
prolonged alcohol use, and heredity
heart failure risk factors - ANSWER>>Diabetes Mellitus, hyperlipidemia,
dysrhythmias/atrial fibrillation
systolic heart failure (HFrEF) - ANSWER>>Pumping problem
diastolic heart failure (HFpEF) - ANSWER>>Filling problem
Left-Sided Heart Failure - ANSWER>>Inability of heart to generate adequate output to
perfuse vital tissues.
Impaired emptying and reduced SV --> reduced CO
Results in pulmonary congestion due to decreased ejection fraction
Left sided heart failure symptoms - ANSWER>>Left = lungs (and heart)
SOB or dyspnea
Pulmonary congestion (dyspnea, cough, bibasilar crackles)
Frothy sputum
Poor color, weak pulses, cool temp
Fatigue; altered mental status
Nocturia and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Manifestations of organ failure (oliguria)
Myocardial ischemia and workload causes _________________ _________ or disruption of
normal myocardial structure ---> ____________ of myocardium - ANSWER>>ventricular
remodeling; dilation
, what happens in left sided heart failure? - ANSWER>>Left ventricular dysfunction
increases blood volume in LV, increasing atrial pressure, forcing fluid into the
pulmonary tissues
Myocardial ischemia and workload
cardiomegaly - ANSWER>>abnormal enlargement of the heart
Right-Sided Heart Failure - ANSWER>>Inability of right ventricle to provide adequate
blood flow into pulmonary circulation
The most common cause of Right-Sided Heart Failure is? - ANSWER>>Left-Sided Heart
Failure - increase in left ventricular filling pressure reflected back into pulmonary
circulation
Right sided heart failure symptoms - ANSWER>>JVD
Ascending dependent pitting edema (legs, ankles, and sacrum)
Weight gain
Abdominal distension
Fatigue, weakness
Nausea and anorexia
Polyuria at rest
Liver enlargement (hepatomegaly) and tenderness
What are the key components in the cycle of heart failure? - ANSWER>>Decreasing
contractility, CO, and EF
Kidney response --> increased preload and increased afterload
Hypertrophy of heart
Progressive worsening symptoms
Further reduced contractility, CO, EF
