CH1 +
2 hydrophobic
↑
Liquid-liquid extraction organic & neutral species
phase uncharged
organise
:
to enrich and purify low MW aqueous phase water & species EXAMPLE
charged
:
b
substances
hydrophilic you have neutral and basic
arug a
compound , add a salt to protonate
org
P
LLE determined by distribution coefficient Caq the The will be
·
base. base
charged
=
↳ influenced F e
by .
. PH and is the
aqueous phase
faq
·
fraction forg + = 1
·
Optimize extraction
yield by
:
adjust pH of
aqueous phase
-
monculesdriven out
-salting out > add salt to make
aqueous phase more
hydrophilic ->
organic of
ag
-
ion-pair extraction > neutralize permanent charge by adding hydrophobic counter ion form
-
to
-
con pairs >
-
can be extracted
conditioning same
steent
Maching en
Solid phase extraction SPE
:
Immina
4 steps in
.
1
conditioning >
-
to activate appropriate sides for absorption
·de
2 . sample addition
3.
⑭
ringing - to remove interferences + other matrix constituents
that phase
greater activity
election with solvent has for for bonded
4 .
->
analyte than
Ch 3 .
+ 4
Ligand binding assays measures
+X
>
- interaction between 2 molecules
antibodynor
determine
ligand-receptor (/antibody)
·
suitable for molecules precense & extent formed
large of complexes or
ligand
↳
electrochemically or fluorescently
·
equilibrium constant Ka = c
·
Po = Bmax =
total amount of immobilized antibody/receptor
O
-Kp .
Po -
Ko .
(PX]
·
Bmax =
graph cuts Xas
·
ELISA for protein identification heterogene
assay >
= -
1 for detection
I
· EMIT =
enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique
↳
high concentration of in sample to open active site Since there isn't antibody to block this binding
drug .
enough
site , a
signal causes product formation
4
substrates color bind active site
change when to
Fluorescence polarization by depolarization of
homogene
·
light >
-
·
FRET fuorescence resonance transfer how 2 molecules are
energy
> close
together
= -
Mass
accordingly
> in
spectrometry separates ions their mass-to-charge ratio (m/2) the
gas phase
-
to
for analysis of complex samples Steps :
MW . sample introduction (liquid desorption ; direct infusion can othera
be
both high How 1
gas chromatography ;
-
or
way
.
2 ionization - to
charge the molecules
↑
Small
droplet field
Conisation (ESI) is become t electric
4
electrospray narrow
capillary end plate charged ions because
strong
=
, ,
↳ MALDI ,
APCI ,
El , Cl , PI (MALDI :
generates gas phase ions from a sample in solid state
by energy transfer from a laser beam
.
3 m/2 separation
u data
.
processing
2 hydrophobic
↑
Liquid-liquid extraction organic & neutral species
phase uncharged
organise
:
to enrich and purify low MW aqueous phase water & species EXAMPLE
charged
:
b
substances
hydrophilic you have neutral and basic
arug a
compound , add a salt to protonate
org
P
LLE determined by distribution coefficient Caq the The will be
·
base. base
charged
=
↳ influenced F e
by .
. PH and is the
aqueous phase
faq
·
fraction forg + = 1
·
Optimize extraction
yield by
:
adjust pH of
aqueous phase
-
monculesdriven out
-salting out > add salt to make
aqueous phase more
hydrophilic ->
organic of
ag
-
ion-pair extraction > neutralize permanent charge by adding hydrophobic counter ion form
-
to
-
con pairs >
-
can be extracted
conditioning same
steent
Maching en
Solid phase extraction SPE
:
Immina
4 steps in
.
1
conditioning >
-
to activate appropriate sides for absorption
·de
2 . sample addition
3.
⑭
ringing - to remove interferences + other matrix constituents
that phase
greater activity
election with solvent has for for bonded
4 .
->
analyte than
Ch 3 .
+ 4
Ligand binding assays measures
+X
>
- interaction between 2 molecules
antibodynor
determine
ligand-receptor (/antibody)
·
suitable for molecules precense & extent formed
large of complexes or
ligand
↳
electrochemically or fluorescently
·
equilibrium constant Ka = c
·
Po = Bmax =
total amount of immobilized antibody/receptor
O
-Kp .
Po -
Ko .
(PX]
·
Bmax =
graph cuts Xas
·
ELISA for protein identification heterogene
assay >
= -
1 for detection
I
· EMIT =
enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique
↳
high concentration of in sample to open active site Since there isn't antibody to block this binding
drug .
enough
site , a
signal causes product formation
4
substrates color bind active site
change when to
Fluorescence polarization by depolarization of
homogene
·
light >
-
·
FRET fuorescence resonance transfer how 2 molecules are
energy
> close
together
= -
Mass
accordingly
> in
spectrometry separates ions their mass-to-charge ratio (m/2) the
gas phase
-
to
for analysis of complex samples Steps :
MW . sample introduction (liquid desorption ; direct infusion can othera
be
both high How 1
gas chromatography ;
-
or
way
.
2 ionization - to
charge the molecules
↑
Small
droplet field
Conisation (ESI) is become t electric
4
electrospray narrow
capillary end plate charged ions because
strong
=
, ,
↳ MALDI ,
APCI ,
El , Cl , PI (MALDI :
generates gas phase ions from a sample in solid state
by energy transfer from a laser beam
.
3 m/2 separation
u data
.
processing
