CMA NHA Approved Exams Questions/Answer Graded A+
2025/2026
Respiration Rate - 12 to 20 per minute
Apnea - the temporary complete absence of breathing
Tachypnea - greater than 40/min.
Bradypnea - decrease in numbers of respirations
Hypoventilation - a state in which reduced amount of air enters the lungs resulting in
decreased oxygen level and increased carbon dioxide level in blood
Anthropometric Measurements - length, height, weight, and head circumference for
infants and toddlers
height, weight, body mass index( BMI) for adults
Physical exam - Inspection-general appearance ,posture, symmetry
Palpation- sense of touch -for characteristics of an organ system
Percussion- tapping or striking the body
Ausculation- listening to sounds produced by internal organs
Horizontal recumbent position - lies on back w/legs extended
Dorsal recumbent position - lies on back w/ legs flexed and soles of feet on bed for
Fowlers position - sitting or semi sitting position where the back of table is elevated to
45 degrees Semi or 90 degrees High Fowlers
Dorsal Lithotomy Position - similar to recumbent except legs are well separated and
thighs acutely flexed so the genital area is exposed
Prone position - lies on abdomen/ head turned to one side used for spine and back
Sims position - lies on the left side w/ the right knee flexed against the abdomen and the
left knee slightly flexed used for rectal exam
Knee chest position - is on the knees w/ his or her chest resting on the bed and elbows
resting on the bed or arms above the head used for rectal and vagina exams
Shock and its signs - insufficient return of blood flow to the heart
1) pale, cold, clammy skin
2) rapid, weak pulse
3) increased, shallow breathing
, 4) expressionless face/staring eyes
Chain of Infection - 1) Agent- infectious microorganisms (viruses ,bacteria )
2) Portal of exit- method agent leaves its reservoir
3) Mode of transportation- (contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle, vector
4) Portal of entry- infectious agent access to susceptible host
5) Susceptible host - agent enters a person who is not resistant or immune
Medical Asepsis - the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the
body
Where is the heart located - in the thoracic cavity between the lungs in a space called
Mediastenum, just behind the sternum
Where is the Base of the heart - the tip of the heart
Where is the Apex - located at the level of the 5th intercoastal and mid-clavicle line on
the left
Endocardium - innermost layer of the heart
Chordae tendinae - strings of connective tissue that keep in place the AV Valves
Myocardium - the middle and contractile layer of the heart
Pericardium - the outermost layer of the heart
Heart chambers - right side pumps deoxygenated blood with low pressure from the
veins into the lungs.
left side pumps oxygenated blood with high pressure toward the tissues through
artieries
what are the 4 chambers of the heart - right and left atrium
right and left ventricles
Right atrium - receives deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body via the
superior vena cava which carries blood from upper body and the inferior vena cava
which carries blood from the lower body
Right ventricle - receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium which it pumps to
the lungs
Left atrium - receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the right and left
pulmonary veins
2025/2026
Respiration Rate - 12 to 20 per minute
Apnea - the temporary complete absence of breathing
Tachypnea - greater than 40/min.
Bradypnea - decrease in numbers of respirations
Hypoventilation - a state in which reduced amount of air enters the lungs resulting in
decreased oxygen level and increased carbon dioxide level in blood
Anthropometric Measurements - length, height, weight, and head circumference for
infants and toddlers
height, weight, body mass index( BMI) for adults
Physical exam - Inspection-general appearance ,posture, symmetry
Palpation- sense of touch -for characteristics of an organ system
Percussion- tapping or striking the body
Ausculation- listening to sounds produced by internal organs
Horizontal recumbent position - lies on back w/legs extended
Dorsal recumbent position - lies on back w/ legs flexed and soles of feet on bed for
Fowlers position - sitting or semi sitting position where the back of table is elevated to
45 degrees Semi or 90 degrees High Fowlers
Dorsal Lithotomy Position - similar to recumbent except legs are well separated and
thighs acutely flexed so the genital area is exposed
Prone position - lies on abdomen/ head turned to one side used for spine and back
Sims position - lies on the left side w/ the right knee flexed against the abdomen and the
left knee slightly flexed used for rectal exam
Knee chest position - is on the knees w/ his or her chest resting on the bed and elbows
resting on the bed or arms above the head used for rectal and vagina exams
Shock and its signs - insufficient return of blood flow to the heart
1) pale, cold, clammy skin
2) rapid, weak pulse
3) increased, shallow breathing
, 4) expressionless face/staring eyes
Chain of Infection - 1) Agent- infectious microorganisms (viruses ,bacteria )
2) Portal of exit- method agent leaves its reservoir
3) Mode of transportation- (contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle, vector
4) Portal of entry- infectious agent access to susceptible host
5) Susceptible host - agent enters a person who is not resistant or immune
Medical Asepsis - the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the
body
Where is the heart located - in the thoracic cavity between the lungs in a space called
Mediastenum, just behind the sternum
Where is the Base of the heart - the tip of the heart
Where is the Apex - located at the level of the 5th intercoastal and mid-clavicle line on
the left
Endocardium - innermost layer of the heart
Chordae tendinae - strings of connective tissue that keep in place the AV Valves
Myocardium - the middle and contractile layer of the heart
Pericardium - the outermost layer of the heart
Heart chambers - right side pumps deoxygenated blood with low pressure from the
veins into the lungs.
left side pumps oxygenated blood with high pressure toward the tissues through
artieries
what are the 4 chambers of the heart - right and left atrium
right and left ventricles
Right atrium - receives deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body via the
superior vena cava which carries blood from upper body and the inferior vena cava
which carries blood from the lower body
Right ventricle - receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium which it pumps to
the lungs
Left atrium - receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the right and left
pulmonary veins
