Endocrine System Drugs and Diabetes Management question/answer graded A+ 2024/2025

Endocrine System Drugs and Diabetes
Management question/answer graded A+
2024/2025
Endocrine System - ✔️✔️Network of glands producing hormones regulating bodily
functions.

Pharmacology - ✔️✔️Study of drug effects on biological systems.

NURS 2010 - ✔️✔️Course focusing on pharmacology for nursing students.

Lilley's Pharmacology - ✔️✔️Textbook covering pharmacological principles and practices.

Chapters 31-34 - ✔️✔️Sections detailing specific endocrine drugs and their uses.

Pituitary Gland - ✔️✔️Master gland regulating other endocrine glands.

Thyroid Gland - ✔️✔️Regulates metabolism via thyroid hormones.

Adrenal Gland - ✔️✔️Produces hormones for stress response and metabolism.

Pancreas - ✔️✔️Secretes hormones and digestive enzymes.

Hormones - ✔️✔️Chemical messengers influencing physiological processes.

Glucose Homeostasis - ✔️✔️Balance of glucose levels in the bloodstream.

Insulin - ✔️✔️Lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake.

Glucagon - ✔️✔️Raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown.

A1C (Hgb A1C) - ✔️✔️Average blood glucose over 2-3 months.

Type 1 Diabetes - ✔️✔️Insulin-dependent diabetes with no insulin production.

Type 2 Diabetes - ✔️✔️Non-insulin-dependent diabetes with insulin resistance.

Hyperglycemia - ✔️✔️High blood sugar levels above 7 mmol/L.

Hypoglycemia - ✔️✔️Low blood sugar levels below 4 mmol/L.

, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - ✔️✔️Severe hyperglycemia with ketones and acidosis.

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) - ✔️✔️Extreme hyperglycemia without
acidosis.

Glycemic Goal - ✔️✔️HbA1c < 7% for diabetic patients.

Insulin Therapy - ✔️✔️Required for all Type 1 diabetes patients.

Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs - ✔️✔️Medications to lower blood glucose in Type 2.

Rapid Acting Insulin - ✔️✔️Onset in 10-15 minutes, used at mealtimes.

Short Acting Insulin - ✔️✔️Administered at mealtimes, can be IV.

Intermediate Acting Insulin - ✔️✔️Cloudy insulin, usually given once daily.

Long Acting Insulin - ✔️✔️Basal insulin with no peak effect.

Fixed-Combination Insulin - ✔️✔️Contains both intermediate and rapid/short acting.

Sliding-Scale Insulin Dosing - ✔️✔️Adjusts insulin based on blood glucose levels.

Diabetes Symptoms - ✔️✔️Include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia.

Macrovascular Complications - ✔️✔️Affects large blood vessels, leads to MI and stroke.

Microvascular Complications - ✔️✔️Affects small blood vessels, leads to retinopathy.

Metabolic Syndrome - ✔️✔️Cluster of conditions increasing diabetes risk.

Exogenous Insulin - ✔️✔️Insulin administered from outside the body.

Sliding-Scale Insulin - ✔️✔️Insulin doses adjusted based on blood glucose levels.

Correction Doses - ✔️✔️Additional insulin to correct high glucose readings.

Basal-Bolus Dosing - ✔️✔️Insulin regimen mimicking natural pancreas function.

Basal Insulin - ✔️✔️Long-acting insulin providing constant background coverage.

Bolus Insulin - ✔️✔️Rapid-acting insulin for mealtime glucose control.