NR546 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSERS 2025

NR546 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSERS 2025
PharmacologicGTreatmentGofGBipolarGDisorderG-GCORRECTGANSWERG-Lithium

Anticonvulsants

SecondGgenerationGantipsychotics



UnipolarGdepressionG-GCORRECTGANSWERG-majorGdepressiveGdisorderG(MDD)

oneGofGtheGmostGcommonGmentalGdisorders

-
ApproximatelyG7.1%GofGadultsGinGtheGU.S.GhadGepisodeGinGlastGyear,GprevalenceGhighestG(13.1%)GamongGin
dividualsGagedG18-25



S/S

-depressedGmood

-lossGofGinterestGorGpleasureGinGdailyGactivities

-irritability

-withdrawal

-problemsGwithGsleep,Geating,Genergy,Gconcentration,GorGself-worth

-severeGdepression:GmayGexperienceGthoughtsGofGsuicideGorGpsychoticGsymptoms.



BipolarGdisorderG(BD)G-GCORRECTGANSWERG-
ChronicGconditionGcharacterizedGbyGextremeGfluctuationsGinGmood,Genergy,GandGabilityGtoGfunction

-MoodsGmayGbeGmanic,Ghypomanic,GorGdepressedGandGmayGincludeGmixedGmoodGorGpsychoticGfeatures

-manyGhaveGonlyGexperiencedGonlyGoneGmanicGepisodeGinGtheirGlifetime

-MoodGfluctuationsGmayGbeGseparatedGbyGperiodsGofGhighGstabilityGorGmayGcycleGrapidly

-
diagnosedGwhenGaGclientGhasGoneGorGmoreGepisodesGofGmaniaGorGhypomaniaGwithGaGhistoryGofGoneGorGm
oreGmajorGdepressiveGepisodes

-highGriskGforGsuicide

,maniaG-GCORRECTGANSWERG-
characterizedGbyGaGpersistentlyGelevated,Gexpansive,GorGirritableGmood.GRelatedGsymptomsGmayGincludeGi
nflatedGself-esteem,GincreasedGgoal-
directedGactivityGorGenergy,GincludingGgrandiosity,GdecreasedGneedGforGsleep,GexcessiveGtalkativeness,Graci
ngGthoughts,GflightGofGideasG(FOI),Gdistractibility,GpsychomotorGagitation,GandGaGpropensityGtoGbeGinvolved
GinGhigh-

riskGactivities.GManiaGleadsGtoGsignificantGfunctionalGimpairmentGandGmayGincludeGpsychoticGfeaturesGorGn
ecessitateGhospitalization



BipolarGTypeGI:G-GCORRECTGANSWERG-
requiresGatGleastGoneGepisodeGofGmaniaGforGatGleastGoneGweekG(orGanyGdurationGifGhospitalizationGdueGtoGs
ymptomsGisGrequired)



BipolarGTypeGII:G-GCORRECTGANSWERG-
diagnosisGrequiresGaGcurrentGorGpastGhypomanicGepisodeGandGaGcurrentGorGpastGmajorGdepressiveGepisod
e.GSymptomsGlastGforGatGleastG4GdaysGbutGfewerGthanGseven.G

-
HypomanicGsymptomsGareGnotGofGsufficientGdurationGorGseverityGtoGcauseGsignificantGfunctionalGimpairm
ent,Gpsychosis,GorGhospitalization.G

-AngerGandGirritabilityGareGcommon.G

-
ClientsGoftenGenjoyGtheGelevationGofGmoodGandGareGreluctantGtoGreportGtheseGsymptoms,GmakingGbipolarG
moreGdifficultGtoGdiagnoseGifGtheGclientGpresentsGinGtheGdepressionGphase.



Cyclothymia:G-GCORRECTGANSWERG-
involvesGtheGchronicGpresentationGofGhypomanicGandGdepressiveGsymptomsGthatGdoGnotGmeetGtheGdiagno
sticGcriteriaGforGaGmajorGdepressiveGorGmanic/hypomanicGepisode.



IfGbipolarGdepressionGisGmistakenGforGMDD:G-GCORRECTGANSWERG-
antidepressantGtherapyGmayGprecipitateGaGmanicGepisodeGorGinduceGrapid-cyclingGbipolarGdepression

-mayGcontributeGtoGtheGincreasedGincidenceGofGdeathGbyGsuicideGinGchildrenGandGadultsGyoungerGthanG25



AntidepressantsGareGusedGcautiouslyGinGclientsGwithGbipolarGdisorderGandGneverGasG________________.G-
GCORRECTGANSWERG-monotherapy

,-
AntidepressantsGshouldGbeGcombinedGwithGaGmoodGstabilizerGtoGpreventGtheGonsetGofGaGhypomanicGorGm
anicGepisode



DA,GNEGDysfunctionGcausesGwhatGmoodGrelatedGsymptomsG-GCORRECTGANSWERG-
DecreasedGpositiveGaffect:

depressedGmood

lossGofGjoy

lackGofGinterest

lossGofGenergy

decreasedGalertness

decreasedGself-confidence

appetiteGchanges



5HT,GNEGDysfunctionGcausesGwhatGmoodGrelatedGsymptomsG-GCORRECTGANSWERG-
IncreasedGnegativeGaffect:

depressedGmood

guilt

fear/anxiety

hostility

irritability

loneliness

appetiteGchanges



monoamineGhypothesisGofGdepressionG-GCORRECTGANSWERG--
depressionGoccursGasGaGresultGofGaGdeficiencyGofGoneGorGallGthreeGmonoamineGtransmitters

•Gserotonin,Gnorepinephrine,GandGdopamine

-whileGmaniaGmayGresultGfromGanGexcess



MedicationGManagementGforGDepression,GFirst-LineGTreatment:G-GCORRECTGANSWERG-
•GSelectiveGSerotoninGReuptakeGInhibitorsG(SSRIs)

, •GSerotoninGNorepinephrineGReuptakeGInhibitorsG(SNRIs)

•GNorepinephrineGDopamineGReuptakeGInhibitorsG(NDRI)

•GSerotoninGAntagonistGandGReuptakeGInhibitorsG(SARIs)



SSRI'sG-GCORRECTGANSWERG-MechanismGofGaction

•GinhibitG5-HTGreuptake

AdverseGeffects

-diarrhea

-headache

-weightGgain

-sexualGsideGeffects



SNRI'sG-GCORRECTGANSWERG-MechanismGofGaction

•GinhibitG5-HTGreuptake

•GinhibitGNEGreuptakeG(increaseGenergy,Gfocus)

•GincreaseGDAGinGprefrontalGcortexG(increaseGcognition)

AdverseGeffects

-elevatedGbloodGpressure

-anxiety

-insomnia

-constipation



NDRI'sG-GCORRECTGANSWERG-MechanismGofGaction

•GinhibitGDAGreuptakeG(increaseGalertness,Gmotivation)

•GinhibitGNEGreuptakeG(increaseGenergy)

AdverseGeffects

-agitation

-headache

-dryGmouth