SOC 3900 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS NEW!!
In a true experimental design, the researcher randomly assigns participants to either an
experimental group that receives the treatment or to a nonexperimental group that does
not receive the treatment. - True
Qu-experimental designs differ from true experimental designs simply because control
groups are absent. -False
Laboratory experiments have a tendency to possess high external validity while
possessing low internal validity -False
A regression effect occurs because the experimental group studied is uniformly better. -
Answer False
What must be considered when trying to locate a field of study?-Answer levels of harm
associated economic, physical, legal, psychological, emotional, etc.
What is a hypothesis? -Answer a "tiny theory"- one part of a testable theory- should have
at least two variables (ind. and dep.) and a relationship between the variables- used in
DEDUCTIVE research
What is a guiding question? -Answer sends researchers in the right direction- provides
parameters for exploring the topic- used in INDUCTIVE research
What is a variable? -Answer a concept that is empirically measurable
What are sensitizing concepts? -Answer constructs that are derived from the research
,participants' perspective, using their language or expressions, and that sensitize the
researcher to possible lines of inquiry.
How do concepts get turned into variables? - Answer through operationalization- the
process through which we establish measures
How do concepts get turned into sensitizing concepts? - Answer conceptualization
What are the two major types of variables? independent-the variable that you are
predicting to influence that change
dependent-the one you want to observe change in
what are the three types of categorical variables? nominal-only accounts for differences
between categories marital status, political party, etc
ordinal-ranks the categories based on some unit of measure
dichotomous- only accounts for "either/or" - has least amount of variance possible
What characteristics must all survey response options have? - Answer for continuous
variables: must have numeric and a broad range of responses
for categorical variables: response options must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive
and present as many options as possible as answers
What one should be thinking about when making open-ended questions? The answers
cannot be yes/no need longer answers in order to be more reliable information
What is the name for Inferential statistics? Numarical summaries of patterns in the
sample data are used in drawing inferences about patterns in the population.
, What are three-level statistical analysis? Univariate- analysis of an individual variable
bivariate- analysis of the relationship between two variables, an independent and a
dependent variable
multivariate- analysis of the relationship between two or more independent variables
and one dependent variable
what are the primary measures of central tendency? - Answer mean, median, and mode
what are the three most common measures of the spread of the data? - Answer range
(least useful)
std. deviation (most refined)
inner quartile range (percentiles- variables from low to high- counts for middle percent
what does a researcher look for when conducting a univariate analysis of a categorical
variable? - Answer frequency distribution
what is statistical significance? - Answer the likelihood that the relationship in the
sample is like that in the population- "sig" - 95% certainty or higher- has value less than
one (.05= 95%,.01= 99%,.001= 99.9%)
How are relationships interpreted in bivariate and multivariate analyses? - Answer
bivariate- between 2 variables- null hypothesis: relationships occur by random chance
multivariate- between 2 or more variables- allows us to account for
spurious-fake-relationships
CORRECT ANSWERS NEW!!
In a true experimental design, the researcher randomly assigns participants to either an
experimental group that receives the treatment or to a nonexperimental group that does
not receive the treatment. - True
Qu-experimental designs differ from true experimental designs simply because control
groups are absent. -False
Laboratory experiments have a tendency to possess high external validity while
possessing low internal validity -False
A regression effect occurs because the experimental group studied is uniformly better. -
Answer False
What must be considered when trying to locate a field of study?-Answer levels of harm
associated economic, physical, legal, psychological, emotional, etc.
What is a hypothesis? -Answer a "tiny theory"- one part of a testable theory- should have
at least two variables (ind. and dep.) and a relationship between the variables- used in
DEDUCTIVE research
What is a guiding question? -Answer sends researchers in the right direction- provides
parameters for exploring the topic- used in INDUCTIVE research
What is a variable? -Answer a concept that is empirically measurable
What are sensitizing concepts? -Answer constructs that are derived from the research
,participants' perspective, using their language or expressions, and that sensitize the
researcher to possible lines of inquiry.
How do concepts get turned into variables? - Answer through operationalization- the
process through which we establish measures
How do concepts get turned into sensitizing concepts? - Answer conceptualization
What are the two major types of variables? independent-the variable that you are
predicting to influence that change
dependent-the one you want to observe change in
what are the three types of categorical variables? nominal-only accounts for differences
between categories marital status, political party, etc
ordinal-ranks the categories based on some unit of measure
dichotomous- only accounts for "either/or" - has least amount of variance possible
What characteristics must all survey response options have? - Answer for continuous
variables: must have numeric and a broad range of responses
for categorical variables: response options must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive
and present as many options as possible as answers
What one should be thinking about when making open-ended questions? The answers
cannot be yes/no need longer answers in order to be more reliable information
What is the name for Inferential statistics? Numarical summaries of patterns in the
sample data are used in drawing inferences about patterns in the population.
, What are three-level statistical analysis? Univariate- analysis of an individual variable
bivariate- analysis of the relationship between two variables, an independent and a
dependent variable
multivariate- analysis of the relationship between two or more independent variables
and one dependent variable
what are the primary measures of central tendency? - Answer mean, median, and mode
what are the three most common measures of the spread of the data? - Answer range
(least useful)
std. deviation (most refined)
inner quartile range (percentiles- variables from low to high- counts for middle percent
what does a researcher look for when conducting a univariate analysis of a categorical
variable? - Answer frequency distribution
what is statistical significance? - Answer the likelihood that the relationship in the
sample is like that in the population- "sig" - 95% certainty or higher- has value less than
one (.05= 95%,.01= 99%,.001= 99.9%)
How are relationships interpreted in bivariate and multivariate analyses? - Answer
bivariate- between 2 variables- null hypothesis: relationships occur by random chance
multivariate- between 2 or more variables- allows us to account for
spurious-fake-relationships
