ENGLISH HL FINAL EXAM P1
Language
Clauses and phrases:
Finite verb Non-finite verb
Has a subject. 1 infinitive (to + verb)
Can show time. To play, to run, to write.
Can show number. Present participles (verb + ing)
Clauses contain a finite verb.
• Ethan went to school on Wednesday.
• Ethan goes to school every weekday.
• I like to play on the beach.
Phrase does not have a finite verb.
• Past participles (verb + ed)
Go – went – gone.
Run – ran – run.
Pay – paid – paid.
See – saw – seen.
Put – put – put.
Drink – drank – dunk.
• To play on the beach.
• Running on the beach.
- I was running on the beach.
Simple, compound, complex sentences.
Simple: contains only 1 finite verb.
Abby asked Sienna to play the piano.
Compound: contains more than 1 finite verb, more than 1 main clause. The clause is joined by
‘and’/’or’/’but’. Co-ordinating conjunctions.
Sebastian plays with Livvy, and he sleeps.
Complex: one main clause and one/more subordinate clause, can’t stand on its own. (Main clause in
beginning = loose sentence)
Stephan was late because he lost track of time.
Because he lost track of time Stephan was late. Subordinate clause first = periodic sentence/main
clause at the end.
, Figures of speech
Comparisons.
• Simile – direct comparison/contains words such as: ‘as’ or ‘like’.
He is as wealthy as Bill Gates.
• Metaphor – comparison/no use of: ‘as’ or ‘like’, it is implied.
He is a Bill Gates.
• Extended metaphor – recurring metaphors/analogies/poem.
• Mixed metaphor – incongruous and incompatible describe something (avoid/confusing).
• Personification – human qualities given to objects, abstract ideas.
Autumn arrived in his coat of orange, red and gold.
• Apostrophe – abstract idea, inanimate object, person no longer living.
Oh, Shakespeare if you could see your globe theatre rebuild.
• Allusion – direct or indirect referred to particular aspect.
Poem ‘Paradise’.
Sound devices.
• Alliteration – repetition of constant sound, beginning letter of a word.
Football, Fever, Fuels, Fans.
• Assonance – repetition of vowel sound, speed, vitality, joy, suspense.
The eccentric Esther enthused her listeners.
• Onomatopoeia – imitates, reproduces real-life sounds.
Crash, bang, hissing of fireworks.
• Rhyme – depends on sound effect.
I am certain that this curtain…
Language
Clauses and phrases:
Finite verb Non-finite verb
Has a subject. 1 infinitive (to + verb)
Can show time. To play, to run, to write.
Can show number. Present participles (verb + ing)
Clauses contain a finite verb.
• Ethan went to school on Wednesday.
• Ethan goes to school every weekday.
• I like to play on the beach.
Phrase does not have a finite verb.
• Past participles (verb + ed)
Go – went – gone.
Run – ran – run.
Pay – paid – paid.
See – saw – seen.
Put – put – put.
Drink – drank – dunk.
• To play on the beach.
• Running on the beach.
- I was running on the beach.
Simple, compound, complex sentences.
Simple: contains only 1 finite verb.
Abby asked Sienna to play the piano.
Compound: contains more than 1 finite verb, more than 1 main clause. The clause is joined by
‘and’/’or’/’but’. Co-ordinating conjunctions.
Sebastian plays with Livvy, and he sleeps.
Complex: one main clause and one/more subordinate clause, can’t stand on its own. (Main clause in
beginning = loose sentence)
Stephan was late because he lost track of time.
Because he lost track of time Stephan was late. Subordinate clause first = periodic sentence/main
clause at the end.
, Figures of speech
Comparisons.
• Simile – direct comparison/contains words such as: ‘as’ or ‘like’.
He is as wealthy as Bill Gates.
• Metaphor – comparison/no use of: ‘as’ or ‘like’, it is implied.
He is a Bill Gates.
• Extended metaphor – recurring metaphors/analogies/poem.
• Mixed metaphor – incongruous and incompatible describe something (avoid/confusing).
• Personification – human qualities given to objects, abstract ideas.
Autumn arrived in his coat of orange, red and gold.
• Apostrophe – abstract idea, inanimate object, person no longer living.
Oh, Shakespeare if you could see your globe theatre rebuild.
• Allusion – direct or indirect referred to particular aspect.
Poem ‘Paradise’.
Sound devices.
• Alliteration – repetition of constant sound, beginning letter of a word.
Football, Fever, Fuels, Fans.
• Assonance – repetition of vowel sound, speed, vitality, joy, suspense.
The eccentric Esther enthused her listeners.
• Onomatopoeia – imitates, reproduces real-life sounds.
Crash, bang, hissing of fireworks.
• Rhyme – depends on sound effect.
I am certain that this curtain…
