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Chapter 01: Anatomy and Physiology
Test Bank
TRUE/FALSE
1. Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptor sites will result in peripheral vasoconstriction.
ANS: F
Beta receptor sites are divided into beta1 and beta2. Beta1 receptors are found in the heart and
kidneys. Stimulation of beta1 receptor sites in the heart results in increased heart rate,
contractility, and ultimately irritability of cardiac cells. Stimulation of beta1 receptor sites in
the kidneys results in the release of renin into the blood. Renin promotes the production of
angiotensin, a powerful vasoconstrictor. Beta2 receptor sites are found in the arterioles of the
heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle. Stimulation results in dilation. Stimulation of beta2 receptor
sites in the smooth muscle of the bronchi results in dilation.
TEST BANK FOR ECGS MADE EASY OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
2. Blood pressure is the result of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance.
7TH EDITION BY BARBARA ALL ANS: T
Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance. Blood
pressure is the force exerted by the circulating blood volume on the walls of the arteries.
CHAPTERS Peripheral vascular resistance is the resistance to the flow of blood determined by blood vessel
diameter and the tone of the vascular musculature.
OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The apex of the heart is formed by the .
a. tip of the left ventricle
b. tip of the right atrium
c. right atrium and right ventricle
d. left atrium and left ventricle
ANS: A
The heart’s apex, or lower portion, is formed by the tip of the left ventricle. The apex lies just
above the diaphragm, between the fifth and sixth ribs, in the midclavicular line.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
2. The left atrium receives blood from the .
a. pulmonary veins
b. aorta
c. pulmonary arteries
d. inferior vena cava
ANS: A
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The left atrium receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs via the right and left The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The right and left sides of the heart
pulmonary veins. are separated by an internal wall of connective tissue called a septum. The interatrial septum
separates the right and left atria. The interventricular septum separates the right and left
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each. ventricles. The septa separate the heart into two functional pumps. The right atrium and right
ventricle make up one pump. The left atrium and left ventricle make up the other.
3. The anterior surface of the heart consists primarily of the .
a. left atrium OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle 7. Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in .
d. right ventricle a. increased heart rate
b. peripheral vasoconstriction
ANS: D
c. constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
The front (anterior) surface of the heart lies behind the sternum and costal cartilages. It is
d. increased force of myocardial contraction
formed by portions of the right atrium and the left and right ventricles. However, because the
heart is tilted slightly toward the left in the chest, the right ventricle is the area of the heart that ANS: B
lies most directly behind the sternum. Alpha1 receptors are found in the eyes, blood vessels, bladder, and male reproductive organs.
Stimulation of alpha1 receptor sites results in constriction.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
4. Blood pressure is determined by multiplied by .
a. stroke volume; heart rate 8. Which side of the heart is a low-pressure system that pumps venous blood to the lungs?
b. heart rate; cardiac output a. Left
c. cardiac output; peripheral vascular resistance b. Right
d. stroke volume; peripheral vascular resistance
ANS: B
ANS: C The job of the right side of the heart is to pump unoxygenated blood to and through the lungs
Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance. to the left side of the heart. This is called the pulmonary circulation. The right side of the
heart is a low-pressure system.
OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
5. The right atrium receives venous blood from the head, neck, and thorax via the , from
the remainder of the body via the , and from the heart via the . 9. Which side of the heart is a high-pressure system that pumps arterial blood to the systemic
a. coronary sinus; superior vena cava; inferior vena cava circulation?
b. superior vena cava; coronary sinus; inferior vena cava a. Left
c. inferior vena cava; superior vena cava; coronary sinus b. Right
d. superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus
ANS: A
ANS: D The left side of the heart is a high-pressure pump. The job of the left heart is to receive
The right atrium receives blood low in oxygen from the superior vena cava, which carries oxygenated blood and pump it out to the rest of the body. This is called the systemic
blood from the head and upper extremities; the inferior vena cava, which carries blood from circulation. The left ventricle is a high-pressure chamber. Its wall is much thicker than the
the lower body; and the coronary sinus, which is the largest vein that drains the heart. right ventricle (the right ventricle is 3 to 5 mm thick; the left ventricle is 13 to 15 mm thick).
This is because the left ventricle must overcome a lot of pressure and resistance from the
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each. arteries and contract forcefully in order to pump blood out to the body.
6. The heart is divided into chambers but functions as a -sided pump. OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
a. two; four
b. three; two 10. The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular
c. four; two muscle fibers necessary for contraction is the .
d. four; three a. epicardium
b. pericardium c.
ANS: C
myocardium d.
endocardium
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The pulmonic and aortic valves are semilunar (SL) valves. The semilunar valves prevent
ANS: C
backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary arteries into the ventricles.
The myocardium (middle layer) is a thick, muscular layer that consists of cardiac muscle
fibers (cells) responsible for the pumping action of the heart. OBJ: Name and identify the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
OBJ: Describe the structure and function of the coverings of the heart.
15. Blood leaves the left ventricle through the valve to the aorta and its branches and is
distributed throughout the body.
11. Blood flows from the right atrium through the valve into the right ventricle.
a. mitral
a. mitral
b. aortic
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
d. tricuspid
ANS: B
ANS: D
When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the aortic valve into
Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
the aorta and out to the body.
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
systemic circulation.
systemic circulation.
12. Rapid ejection of blood from the ventricular chambers of the heart occurs because the
16. Blood flows from the left atrium through the valve into the left ventricle.
and valves open. a. mitral
a. pulmonic; aortic b. aortic
b. tricuspid; mitral c. pulmonic
c. pulmonic; mitral
d. tricuspid
d. tricuspid; aortic
ANS: A
ANS: A
Blood flows from the left atrium through the mitral (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle.
When the ventricles contract, the pulmonic and aortic valves open, allowing blood to flow out
of the ventricles. OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
systemic circulation.
OBJ: Name and identify the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
17. The right ventricle expels blood through the valve into the pulmonary trunk.
13. The base of the heart is found at approximately the level of the rib(s). a. mitral
a. first b. aortic
b. second c. pulmonic
c. fourth d. tricuspid
d. fifth and sixth
ANS: C
ANS: B The right ventricle expels the blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary trunk. The
The base of the heart is its upper portion and is formed mainly by the left atrium, with a small pulmonary trunk divides into a right and left pulmonary artery, each of which carries blood to
amount of right atrium. It lies at approximately the level of the second rib, immediately in one lung (pulmonary circuit).
front of the esophagus and descending aorta.
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart. systemic circulation.
14. Which of the following are semilunar valves? 18. The primary neurotransmitters of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
a. Aortic and pulmonic are .
b. Aortic and tricuspid a. dopamine and acetylcholine
c. Pulmonic and mitral b. muscarine and norepinephrine
d. Tricuspid and mitral c. acetylcholine and epinephrine
ANS: A d. norepinephrine and epinephrine
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ANS: D ANS: D
When sympathetic nerves are stimulated, the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and The left main coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to its two primary branches: the left
epinephrine are released. anterior descending (LAD) (also called the anterior interventricular) artery and the
circumflex artery (CX).
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
OBJ: Name the primary branches and areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary
19. Complete occlusion of the coronary artery, also referred to as the widow maker, usually arteries.
results in sudden death.
a. right 23. The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous
b. left main system is .
c. circumflex a. dopamine
d. left anterior descending b. muscarine
c. acetylcholine
ANS: B d. norepinephrine
Complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery, also referred to as the widow maker,
usually results in sudden death. ANS: C
Acetylcholine (Ach) is a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) released when
OBJ: Name the primary branches and areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary parasympathetic nerves are stimulated. Ach binds to parasympathetic receptors.
arteries.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
20. Stimulation of beta2 receptor sites results in .
a. increased heart rate 24. The artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood.
b. peripheral vasoconstriction a. right coronary
c. constriction of renal blood vessels b. left main coronary
d. relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle c. left circumflex
d. left anterior descending
ANS: D
Beta2 receptor sites are found in the arterioles of the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle. ANS: A
Stimulation results in dilation. Stimulation of beta2 receptor sites in the smooth muscle of the The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood.
bronchi results in dilation.
OBJ: Name the primary branches and areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. arteries.
21. Chronotropy refers to an effect on . 25. The tricuspid valve is .
a. heart rate a. a semilunar valve
b. force of contraction b. located between the left ventricle and aorta
c. bronchial smooth muscle c. located between the right atrium and right ventricle
d. speed of conduction through the atrioventricular node d. located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
ANS: A ANS: C
Chrono refers to rate. Chronotropic effect refers to a change in heart rate. Positive The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
chronotropic effect refers to an increase in heart rate. Negative chronotropic effect refers to a
decrease in heart rate. OBJ: Identify and describe the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. 26. When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the valve
into the .
22. The left main coronary artery divides into the branches. a. aortic; aorta
a. marginal and circumflex b. mitral; right atrium
b. marginal and anterior descending c. tricuspid; right ventricle
c. anterior and posterior descending d. pulmonic; pulmonary arteries
d. anterior descending and circumflex ANS: A
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Chapter 01: Anatomy and Physiology
Test Bank
TRUE/FALSE
1. Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptor sites will result in peripheral vasoconstriction.
ANS: F
Beta receptor sites are divided into beta1 and beta2. Beta1 receptors are found in the heart and
kidneys. Stimulation of beta1 receptor sites in the heart results in increased heart rate,
contractility, and ultimately irritability of cardiac cells. Stimulation of beta1 receptor sites in
the kidneys results in the release of renin into the blood. Renin promotes the production of
angiotensin, a powerful vasoconstrictor. Beta2 receptor sites are found in the arterioles of the
heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle. Stimulation results in dilation. Stimulation of beta2 receptor
sites in the smooth muscle of the bronchi results in dilation.
TEST BANK FOR ECGS MADE EASY OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
2. Blood pressure is the result of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance.
7TH EDITION BY BARBARA ALL ANS: T
Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance. Blood
pressure is the force exerted by the circulating blood volume on the walls of the arteries.
CHAPTERS Peripheral vascular resistance is the resistance to the flow of blood determined by blood vessel
diameter and the tone of the vascular musculature.
OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The apex of the heart is formed by the .
a. tip of the left ventricle
b. tip of the right atrium
c. right atrium and right ventricle
d. left atrium and left ventricle
ANS: A
The heart’s apex, or lower portion, is formed by the tip of the left ventricle. The apex lies just
above the diaphragm, between the fifth and sixth ribs, in the midclavicular line.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
2. The left atrium receives blood from the .
a. pulmonary veins
b. aorta
c. pulmonary arteries
d. inferior vena cava
ANS: A
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The left atrium receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs via the right and left The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The right and left sides of the heart
pulmonary veins. are separated by an internal wall of connective tissue called a septum. The interatrial septum
separates the right and left atria. The interventricular septum separates the right and left
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each. ventricles. The septa separate the heart into two functional pumps. The right atrium and right
ventricle make up one pump. The left atrium and left ventricle make up the other.
3. The anterior surface of the heart consists primarily of the .
a. left atrium OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle 7. Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in .
d. right ventricle a. increased heart rate
b. peripheral vasoconstriction
ANS: D
c. constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
The front (anterior) surface of the heart lies behind the sternum and costal cartilages. It is
d. increased force of myocardial contraction
formed by portions of the right atrium and the left and right ventricles. However, because the
heart is tilted slightly toward the left in the chest, the right ventricle is the area of the heart that ANS: B
lies most directly behind the sternum. Alpha1 receptors are found in the eyes, blood vessels, bladder, and male reproductive organs.
Stimulation of alpha1 receptor sites results in constriction.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
4. Blood pressure is determined by multiplied by .
a. stroke volume; heart rate 8. Which side of the heart is a low-pressure system that pumps venous blood to the lungs?
b. heart rate; cardiac output a. Left
c. cardiac output; peripheral vascular resistance b. Right
d. stroke volume; peripheral vascular resistance
ANS: B
ANS: C The job of the right side of the heart is to pump unoxygenated blood to and through the lungs
Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance. to the left side of the heart. This is called the pulmonary circulation. The right side of the
heart is a low-pressure system.
OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
5. The right atrium receives venous blood from the head, neck, and thorax via the , from
the remainder of the body via the , and from the heart via the . 9. Which side of the heart is a high-pressure system that pumps arterial blood to the systemic
a. coronary sinus; superior vena cava; inferior vena cava circulation?
b. superior vena cava; coronary sinus; inferior vena cava a. Left
c. inferior vena cava; superior vena cava; coronary sinus b. Right
d. superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus
ANS: A
ANS: D The left side of the heart is a high-pressure pump. The job of the left heart is to receive
The right atrium receives blood low in oxygen from the superior vena cava, which carries oxygenated blood and pump it out to the rest of the body. This is called the systemic
blood from the head and upper extremities; the inferior vena cava, which carries blood from circulation. The left ventricle is a high-pressure chamber. Its wall is much thicker than the
the lower body; and the coronary sinus, which is the largest vein that drains the heart. right ventricle (the right ventricle is 3 to 5 mm thick; the left ventricle is 13 to 15 mm thick).
This is because the left ventricle must overcome a lot of pressure and resistance from the
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each. arteries and contract forcefully in order to pump blood out to the body.
6. The heart is divided into chambers but functions as a -sided pump. OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
a. two; four
b. three; two 10. The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular
c. four; two muscle fibers necessary for contraction is the .
d. four; three a. epicardium
b. pericardium c.
ANS: C
myocardium d.
endocardium
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The pulmonic and aortic valves are semilunar (SL) valves. The semilunar valves prevent
ANS: C
backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary arteries into the ventricles.
The myocardium (middle layer) is a thick, muscular layer that consists of cardiac muscle
fibers (cells) responsible for the pumping action of the heart. OBJ: Name and identify the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
OBJ: Describe the structure and function of the coverings of the heart.
15. Blood leaves the left ventricle through the valve to the aorta and its branches and is
distributed throughout the body.
11. Blood flows from the right atrium through the valve into the right ventricle.
a. mitral
a. mitral
b. aortic
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
d. tricuspid
ANS: B
ANS: D
When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the aortic valve into
Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
the aorta and out to the body.
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
systemic circulation.
systemic circulation.
12. Rapid ejection of blood from the ventricular chambers of the heart occurs because the
16. Blood flows from the left atrium through the valve into the left ventricle.
and valves open. a. mitral
a. pulmonic; aortic b. aortic
b. tricuspid; mitral c. pulmonic
c. pulmonic; mitral
d. tricuspid
d. tricuspid; aortic
ANS: A
ANS: A
Blood flows from the left atrium through the mitral (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle.
When the ventricles contract, the pulmonic and aortic valves open, allowing blood to flow out
of the ventricles. OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
systemic circulation.
OBJ: Name and identify the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
17. The right ventricle expels blood through the valve into the pulmonary trunk.
13. The base of the heart is found at approximately the level of the rib(s). a. mitral
a. first b. aortic
b. second c. pulmonic
c. fourth d. tricuspid
d. fifth and sixth
ANS: C
ANS: B The right ventricle expels the blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary trunk. The
The base of the heart is its upper portion and is formed mainly by the left atrium, with a small pulmonary trunk divides into a right and left pulmonary artery, each of which carries blood to
amount of right atrium. It lies at approximately the level of the second rib, immediately in one lung (pulmonary circuit).
front of the esophagus and descending aorta.
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart. systemic circulation.
14. Which of the following are semilunar valves? 18. The primary neurotransmitters of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
a. Aortic and pulmonic are .
b. Aortic and tricuspid a. dopamine and acetylcholine
c. Pulmonic and mitral b. muscarine and norepinephrine
d. Tricuspid and mitral c. acetylcholine and epinephrine
ANS: A d. norepinephrine and epinephrine
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ANS: D ANS: D
When sympathetic nerves are stimulated, the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and The left main coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to its two primary branches: the left
epinephrine are released. anterior descending (LAD) (also called the anterior interventricular) artery and the
circumflex artery (CX).
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
OBJ: Name the primary branches and areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary
19. Complete occlusion of the coronary artery, also referred to as the widow maker, usually arteries.
results in sudden death.
a. right 23. The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous
b. left main system is .
c. circumflex a. dopamine
d. left anterior descending b. muscarine
c. acetylcholine
ANS: B d. norepinephrine
Complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery, also referred to as the widow maker,
usually results in sudden death. ANS: C
Acetylcholine (Ach) is a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) released when
OBJ: Name the primary branches and areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary parasympathetic nerves are stimulated. Ach binds to parasympathetic receptors.
arteries.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
20. Stimulation of beta2 receptor sites results in .
a. increased heart rate 24. The artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood.
b. peripheral vasoconstriction a. right coronary
c. constriction of renal blood vessels b. left main coronary
d. relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle c. left circumflex
d. left anterior descending
ANS: D
Beta2 receptor sites are found in the arterioles of the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle. ANS: A
Stimulation results in dilation. Stimulation of beta2 receptor sites in the smooth muscle of the The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood.
bronchi results in dilation.
OBJ: Name the primary branches and areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. arteries.
21. Chronotropy refers to an effect on . 25. The tricuspid valve is .
a. heart rate a. a semilunar valve
b. force of contraction b. located between the left ventricle and aorta
c. bronchial smooth muscle c. located between the right atrium and right ventricle
d. speed of conduction through the atrioventricular node d. located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
ANS: A ANS: C
Chrono refers to rate. Chronotropic effect refers to a change in heart rate. Positive The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
chronotropic effect refers to an increase in heart rate. Negative chronotropic effect refers to a
decrease in heart rate. OBJ: Identify and describe the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. 26. When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the valve
into the .
22. The left main coronary artery divides into the branches. a. aortic; aorta
a. marginal and circumflex b. mitral; right atrium
b. marginal and anterior descending c. tricuspid; right ventricle
c. anterior and posterior descending d. pulmonic; pulmonary arteries
d. anterior descending and circumflex ANS: A
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