Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
TEST BANK
Tietz Fundamentals Of
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
9ath Edition By Carl A. Burtis
,Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
TEST BANK
,Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics 9th Edition Test Bank
Table of contents:
I. Principles Of Laboratory Medicine
Chapter 1. Clinical Chemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, and Laboratory Medicine
Chapter 2. Selection and Analytical Evaluation of Methods — With Statistical Techniques
Chapter 3. Clinical Evaluation of Methods
Chapter 4. Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine
Chapter 5. Establishment and Use of Reference Values
Chapter 6. Specimen Collection, Processing, and Other Preanalytical Variables
Chapter 7. Quality Management
II. Analytical Techniques And Instrumentation
Chapter 8. Principles of Basic Techniques and Laboratory Safety
Chapter 9. Optical Techniques
Chapter 10. Electrochemistry and Chemical Sensors
Chapter 11. Electrophoresis
Chapter 12. Chromatography
Chapter 13. Mass Spectrometry
Chapter 14. Enzyme and Rate Analyses
Chapter 15. Immunochemical Techniques
Chapter 16 Automation
Chapter 17. Point-of-Care Instrumentation
III. Analytes
Chapter 18. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Chapter 19. Serum Enzymes
Chapter 20. Tumor Markers and Cancer Genes
Chapter 21. Kidney Function Tests — Creatinine, GFR, Urea, and Uric Acid
Chapter 22. Carbohydrates
Chapter 23. Lipids, Lipoproteins, Apolipoproteins, and Other Cardiac Risk Factors
Chapter 24. Electrolytes and Blood Gases
Chapter 25. Hormones
Chapter 26. Catecholamines and Serotonin
Chapter 27. Vitamins, Trace Elements, Nutritional Assessment
Chapter 28. Hemoglobin, Iron, and Bilirubin
Chapter 29. Porphyrins and Porphyrias
Chapter 30. Therapeutic Drugs and Their Management
Chapter 31. Clinical Toxicology
Chapter 32. Toxic Metals
IV. Pathophysiology
Chapter 33. Diabetes
,Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
Chapter 34. Cardiovascular Disease
Chapter 35. Kidney Disease
Chapter 36. Physiology and Disorders of Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Metabolism
Chapter 37. Liver Disease
Chapter 38. Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Diseases
Chapter 39. Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
Chapter 40. Disorders of the Pituitary Gland
Chapter 41. Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
Chapter 42. Thyroid Disorders
Chapter 43. Reproduction-Related Disorders
Chapter 44. Pregnancy and Prenatal Testing
Chapter 45. Newborn Screening and Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Chapter 46. Pharmacogenetics
V. Molecular Diagnostics
Chapter 47. Principles of Molecular Biology
Chapter 48. Nucleic Acid Techniques and Applications
Chapter 49. Genomes and Nucleic Acid Alterations
,Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and MolecularDiagnostics, 7e Burtis Test Bank
Chapter 01: Clinical Chemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, and Laboratory MedicineTest Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. An individual working in a clinical chemistry laboratory is married to a sales
representative who works for a company that sells chemistry laboratory supplies.
When the laboratory manager requests a list of needed supplies, cost of supplies, and
vendors, this individual only recommends the spouse’s company as the vendor. This is
considered to be a(n):
a. accounting issue.
b. possible conflict of interest.
c. maintenance of confidentiality issue.
d. problem with resource allocation.
ANS: B
Concern has been raised over the interrelationships between practitioners in the medical
field and commercial suppliers of drugs, devices, equipment, etc., to the medical
profession.
Similarly, relationships have been scrutinized between clinical laboratorians and
manufacturers and providers of diagnostic equipment and supplies. These concerns led
the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1995 to require official institutional review of
financial disclosure by researchers and management of situations in which disclosure
indicates potential conflicts of interest.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 4-5 OBJ: 6 | 7
2. A patient visits her physician stating that her prescribed painkiller is not working to
reduce the pain following her recent surgery. A friend of the patient claims that the
same painkiller “worked wonders” to reduce her pain after the same surgery. The
physician states that the difference in the effect of the drug might be caused by ,
which is studied in pharmacogenetics.
a. epidemiology
b. an inherited disease
c. a conflict of interest
d. a genetic variation in drug-metabolizing enzymes
ANS: D
Pharmacogenetics is the study of the genetic variation of drug metabolism between
individuals.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 3 OBJ: 1
3. John works in a molecular diagnostics laboratory and receives a blood sample that
has the name of a close friend printed on the bar-coded label. The genetic test that is
ordered on the friend’s sample would provide diagnostic information about a
disorder that has a poor prognosis, and the test is usually performed by John. He asks
a fellow employee to analyze the sample for him and not divulge the results. This
ethical issue concerns:
a. confidentiality of patient genetic and medical information.
,Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
b. a conflict of interest.
c. resource allocation.
d. diagnostic accuracy.
,Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
ANS: A
Clinical laboratorians have long been responsible for maintaining the confidentiality
of all laboratory results, a situation made even more critical with the advent of
increasingly powerful genetic testing.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 4 OBJ: 6 | 7
4. Molecular diagnostic testing methods and results can be:
a. qualitative only.
b. quantitative only.
c. either qualitative or quantitative.
ANS: C
Molecular diagnostic methods can be either qualitative or quantitative in nature,
depending on the clinical need.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 3 OBJ: 5
5. Clinical epidemiology, which is the study of the patterns, causes, and effects of health
and disease in certain populations, has provided the clinical laboratory with methods
that evaluate the effects and outcomes of laboratory testing. This allows for a more
effective:
a. process of determining the cost of the testing methods.
b. selection and interpretation of laboratory tests.
c. determination of the boundaries between the components of the clinical lab.
d. conduct assessment.
ANS: A
Clinical epidemiologists have introduced methods to evaluate the effects and value of
laboratory testing in healthcare. These developments are expected to play an increasing
role in the selection and interpretation of laboratory tests.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 3 OBJ: 4
6. Analysis of which one of the following by molecular diagnostic methods provides a
measure of processes that are ongoing at the time of blood sampling?
a. Genetic variation in an individual’s response to a drug
b. Circulating plasma nucleic acids
c. Malignant lymphomas
d. Histocompatibility
ANS: B
Molecular diagnostics, given its very high sensitivity, has been applied to the study of
plasma nucleic acids (or circulating nucleic acids). Plasma nucleic acids analysis has
been made possible by the discovery that dying cells in the body release their DNA and
RNA into the extracellular compartment and ultimately into the bloodstream, where
they can be detected and analyzed. Given their short half-life in circulation (less than 24
hours), plasma nucleic acids provide a measure of processes that are ongoing at the
time of blood sampling.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 3 OBJ: 5
, Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
7. A healthy individual with no clinical signs or symptoms of disease visits his physician for
a routine physical examination. Blood samples are collected and sent to the laboratory.
The tests requested on the sample are for general laboratory analyses, including a
complete blood count, a panel of general chemistry tests (including glucose, protein,
cholesterol, and others), and an analysis of urine. This type of testing in laboratory
medicine is directed at:
a. confirming a clinical suspicion of disease.
b. selecting a treatment for disease.
c. ruling in a diagnosis.
d. screening for disease in the absence of clinical signs or symptoms.
ANS: D
Testing in laboratory medicine may be directed at (1) confirming a clinical suspicion;
(2) making, or ruling in, a diagnosis; (3) excluding, or ruling out, a diagnosis;, (4)
assisting in the selection, optimization, and monitoring of treatment; (5) providing a
prognosis; (6) screening for disease in the absence of clinical signs or symptoms; or (7)
establishing and monitoring the severity of a physiologic disturbance. The field of
laboratory medicine includes clinical chemistry and areas such as microbiology and
hematology. The general tests ordered on this healthy individual are done to screen the
physiologic systems despite the absence of any symptoms.
DIF: 2 REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2
8. The discipline involved in the selection, provision, and interpretation of diagnostic
testing that uses primarily samples from patients is:
a. clinical chemistry.
b. hematology.
c. laboratory medicine.
d. molecular diagnostics.
ANS: C
The term “laboratory medicine” refers to the discipline involved in the (1) selection,
(2) provision, and (3) interpretation of diagnostic testing that uses primarily
samples from patients.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 1 OBJ: 1 | 3
9. A male laboratorian works in the clinical chemistry laboratory of a large hospital. He is
approached by his friend, who is a representative of a drug company, and asked to
analyze some patient samples for drug levels of a specific drug that the representative’s
company sells and that these patients use. The representative wants to publish a report
on the rate of drug absorption and distribution of this drug and tells his laboratorian
friend that he will personally reimburse him for his time. What ethical issues come into
play here?
a. Resource allocation and conflict of interest
b. Maintenance of confidentiality and publishing issues
c. Maintenance of confidentiality, conflict of interest, and publishing issues.
d. Resource allocation, maintenance of confidentiality, conflict of interest,
and publishing issues.
ANS: D
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
TEST BANK
Tietz Fundamentals Of
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
9ath Edition By Carl A. Burtis
,Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
TEST BANK
,Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics 9th Edition Test Bank
Table of contents:
I. Principles Of Laboratory Medicine
Chapter 1. Clinical Chemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, and Laboratory Medicine
Chapter 2. Selection and Analytical Evaluation of Methods — With Statistical Techniques
Chapter 3. Clinical Evaluation of Methods
Chapter 4. Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine
Chapter 5. Establishment and Use of Reference Values
Chapter 6. Specimen Collection, Processing, and Other Preanalytical Variables
Chapter 7. Quality Management
II. Analytical Techniques And Instrumentation
Chapter 8. Principles of Basic Techniques and Laboratory Safety
Chapter 9. Optical Techniques
Chapter 10. Electrochemistry and Chemical Sensors
Chapter 11. Electrophoresis
Chapter 12. Chromatography
Chapter 13. Mass Spectrometry
Chapter 14. Enzyme and Rate Analyses
Chapter 15. Immunochemical Techniques
Chapter 16 Automation
Chapter 17. Point-of-Care Instrumentation
III. Analytes
Chapter 18. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Chapter 19. Serum Enzymes
Chapter 20. Tumor Markers and Cancer Genes
Chapter 21. Kidney Function Tests — Creatinine, GFR, Urea, and Uric Acid
Chapter 22. Carbohydrates
Chapter 23. Lipids, Lipoproteins, Apolipoproteins, and Other Cardiac Risk Factors
Chapter 24. Electrolytes and Blood Gases
Chapter 25. Hormones
Chapter 26. Catecholamines and Serotonin
Chapter 27. Vitamins, Trace Elements, Nutritional Assessment
Chapter 28. Hemoglobin, Iron, and Bilirubin
Chapter 29. Porphyrins and Porphyrias
Chapter 30. Therapeutic Drugs and Their Management
Chapter 31. Clinical Toxicology
Chapter 32. Toxic Metals
IV. Pathophysiology
Chapter 33. Diabetes
,Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
Chapter 34. Cardiovascular Disease
Chapter 35. Kidney Disease
Chapter 36. Physiology and Disorders of Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Metabolism
Chapter 37. Liver Disease
Chapter 38. Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Diseases
Chapter 39. Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
Chapter 40. Disorders of the Pituitary Gland
Chapter 41. Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
Chapter 42. Thyroid Disorders
Chapter 43. Reproduction-Related Disorders
Chapter 44. Pregnancy and Prenatal Testing
Chapter 45. Newborn Screening and Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Chapter 46. Pharmacogenetics
V. Molecular Diagnostics
Chapter 47. Principles of Molecular Biology
Chapter 48. Nucleic Acid Techniques and Applications
Chapter 49. Genomes and Nucleic Acid Alterations
,Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and MolecularDiagnostics, 7e Burtis Test Bank
Chapter 01: Clinical Chemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, and Laboratory MedicineTest Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. An individual working in a clinical chemistry laboratory is married to a sales
representative who works for a company that sells chemistry laboratory supplies.
When the laboratory manager requests a list of needed supplies, cost of supplies, and
vendors, this individual only recommends the spouse’s company as the vendor. This is
considered to be a(n):
a. accounting issue.
b. possible conflict of interest.
c. maintenance of confidentiality issue.
d. problem with resource allocation.
ANS: B
Concern has been raised over the interrelationships between practitioners in the medical
field and commercial suppliers of drugs, devices, equipment, etc., to the medical
profession.
Similarly, relationships have been scrutinized between clinical laboratorians and
manufacturers and providers of diagnostic equipment and supplies. These concerns led
the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1995 to require official institutional review of
financial disclosure by researchers and management of situations in which disclosure
indicates potential conflicts of interest.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 4-5 OBJ: 6 | 7
2. A patient visits her physician stating that her prescribed painkiller is not working to
reduce the pain following her recent surgery. A friend of the patient claims that the
same painkiller “worked wonders” to reduce her pain after the same surgery. The
physician states that the difference in the effect of the drug might be caused by ,
which is studied in pharmacogenetics.
a. epidemiology
b. an inherited disease
c. a conflict of interest
d. a genetic variation in drug-metabolizing enzymes
ANS: D
Pharmacogenetics is the study of the genetic variation of drug metabolism between
individuals.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 3 OBJ: 1
3. John works in a molecular diagnostics laboratory and receives a blood sample that
has the name of a close friend printed on the bar-coded label. The genetic test that is
ordered on the friend’s sample would provide diagnostic information about a
disorder that has a poor prognosis, and the test is usually performed by John. He asks
a fellow employee to analyze the sample for him and not divulge the results. This
ethical issue concerns:
a. confidentiality of patient genetic and medical information.
,Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
b. a conflict of interest.
c. resource allocation.
d. diagnostic accuracy.
,Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
ANS: A
Clinical laboratorians have long been responsible for maintaining the confidentiality
of all laboratory results, a situation made even more critical with the advent of
increasingly powerful genetic testing.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 4 OBJ: 6 | 7
4. Molecular diagnostic testing methods and results can be:
a. qualitative only.
b. quantitative only.
c. either qualitative or quantitative.
ANS: C
Molecular diagnostic methods can be either qualitative or quantitative in nature,
depending on the clinical need.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 3 OBJ: 5
5. Clinical epidemiology, which is the study of the patterns, causes, and effects of health
and disease in certain populations, has provided the clinical laboratory with methods
that evaluate the effects and outcomes of laboratory testing. This allows for a more
effective:
a. process of determining the cost of the testing methods.
b. selection and interpretation of laboratory tests.
c. determination of the boundaries between the components of the clinical lab.
d. conduct assessment.
ANS: A
Clinical epidemiologists have introduced methods to evaluate the effects and value of
laboratory testing in healthcare. These developments are expected to play an increasing
role in the selection and interpretation of laboratory tests.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 3 OBJ: 4
6. Analysis of which one of the following by molecular diagnostic methods provides a
measure of processes that are ongoing at the time of blood sampling?
a. Genetic variation in an individual’s response to a drug
b. Circulating plasma nucleic acids
c. Malignant lymphomas
d. Histocompatibility
ANS: B
Molecular diagnostics, given its very high sensitivity, has been applied to the study of
plasma nucleic acids (or circulating nucleic acids). Plasma nucleic acids analysis has
been made possible by the discovery that dying cells in the body release their DNA and
RNA into the extracellular compartment and ultimately into the bloodstream, where
they can be detected and analyzed. Given their short half-life in circulation (less than 24
hours), plasma nucleic acids provide a measure of processes that are ongoing at the
time of blood sampling.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 3 OBJ: 5
, Test Bank For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 9th Edition by Nader Rifai
9780323935838 All Chapters 1-49 LATEST
7. A healthy individual with no clinical signs or symptoms of disease visits his physician for
a routine physical examination. Blood samples are collected and sent to the laboratory.
The tests requested on the sample are for general laboratory analyses, including a
complete blood count, a panel of general chemistry tests (including glucose, protein,
cholesterol, and others), and an analysis of urine. This type of testing in laboratory
medicine is directed at:
a. confirming a clinical suspicion of disease.
b. selecting a treatment for disease.
c. ruling in a diagnosis.
d. screening for disease in the absence of clinical signs or symptoms.
ANS: D
Testing in laboratory medicine may be directed at (1) confirming a clinical suspicion;
(2) making, or ruling in, a diagnosis; (3) excluding, or ruling out, a diagnosis;, (4)
assisting in the selection, optimization, and monitoring of treatment; (5) providing a
prognosis; (6) screening for disease in the absence of clinical signs or symptoms; or (7)
establishing and monitoring the severity of a physiologic disturbance. The field of
laboratory medicine includes clinical chemistry and areas such as microbiology and
hematology. The general tests ordered on this healthy individual are done to screen the
physiologic systems despite the absence of any symptoms.
DIF: 2 REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2
8. The discipline involved in the selection, provision, and interpretation of diagnostic
testing that uses primarily samples from patients is:
a. clinical chemistry.
b. hematology.
c. laboratory medicine.
d. molecular diagnostics.
ANS: C
The term “laboratory medicine” refers to the discipline involved in the (1) selection,
(2) provision, and (3) interpretation of diagnostic testing that uses primarily
samples from patients.
DIF: 1 REF: Page 1 OBJ: 1 | 3
9. A male laboratorian works in the clinical chemistry laboratory of a large hospital. He is
approached by his friend, who is a representative of a drug company, and asked to
analyze some patient samples for drug levels of a specific drug that the representative’s
company sells and that these patients use. The representative wants to publish a report
on the rate of drug absorption and distribution of this drug and tells his laboratorian
friend that he will personally reimburse him for his time. What ethical issues come into
play here?
a. Resource allocation and conflict of interest
b. Maintenance of confidentiality and publishing issues
c. Maintenance of confidentiality, conflict of interest, and publishing issues.
d. Resource allocation, maintenance of confidentiality, conflict of interest,
and publishing issues.
ANS: D
