Test Bank for Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory
u u u u u u
u Care, 6th Edition
u u
by Brian K. Walsh
u u u
,Chapter u1: uFetal uLung uDevelopmentuTest uBank
MULTIPLE uCHOICE
1. Which uof uthe ufollowing uphases uof uhuman ulung udevelopment uis ucharacterized uby uthe uformationuof ua ucapillary unetwork uaround
uairway upassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: uD
The ucanalicular uphase ufollows uthe upseudoglandular uphase, ulasting ufrom uapproximately u17 uweeks uto u26 uweeks uof ugestation.
uThis uphase uis uso unamed ubecause uof uthe uappearance uof uvascularuchannels, uor ucapillaries, uwhich ubegin uto ugrow uby uforming
ua ucapillary unetwork uaround uthe uair upassages. uDuring uthe upseudoglandular ustage, uwhich ubegins uat uday u52 uand uextends uto
uweek u16 uof ugestation, uthe uairway usystem usubdivides uextensively uand uthe uconducting uairway usystem udevelops, uending uwith
uthe uterminal ubronchioles. uThe usaccular ustage uof udevelopment, uwhich utakes uplace ufrom uweeks u29 uto u36 uof ugestation, uis
ucharacterized uby uthe udevelopment uof usacs uthatulater ubecome ualveoli. uDuring uthe usaccular uphase, ua utremendous uincrease uin
uthe upotential
gas-exchanging usurface uarea uoccurs. uThe udistinction ubetween uthe usaccular ustage uand uthe ualveolar ustage uis uarbitrary.
uThe ualveolar ustage ustretches ufrom u39 uweeks uof ugestation uto uterm.uThis ustage uis urepresented uby uthe uestablishment uof
ualveoli.
REF: u pp. u u u3-5
2. Regarding upostnatal ulung ugrowth, uby uapproximately uwhat uage udo umost uof uthe ualveoli uthat uwillube upresent uin uthe ulungs ufor
ulife udevelop?
a. 6 umonths
b. 1 uyear
c. 1.5 uyears
d. 2 uyears
ANS: uC
Most uof uthe upostnatal uformation uof ualveoli uin uthe uinfant uoccurs uover uthe ufirst u1.5 uyears uof ulife. uAt u2 uyears uof uage, uthe
unumber uof ualveoli uvaries usubstantially uamong uindividuals. uAfter u2 uyearsuof uage, umales uhave umore ualveoli uthan udo ufemales.
uAfter ualveolar umultiplication uends, uthe ualveoli ucontinue uto uincrease uin usize uuntil uthoracic ugrowth uis ucompleted.
REF: up. u6
3. The urespiratory utherapist uis uevaluating ua unewborn uwith umild urespiratory udistress udue uto utrachealustenosis. uDuring uwhich
uperiod uof ulung udevelopment udid uthis uproblem udevelop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: uA
, The uinitial ustructures uof uthe upulmonary utree udevelop uduring uthe uembryonal ustage. uErrors uin udevelopment uduring uthis utime
umay uresult uin ularyngeal, utracheal, uor uesophageal uatresia uor ustenosis. uPulmonary uhypoplasia, uan uincomplete udevelopment uof
uthe ulungs ucharacterized uby uanuabnormally ulow unumber uand/or usize uof ubronchopulmonary usegments uand/or ualveoli, ucan
udevelop uduring uthe upseudoglandular uphase. uIf uthe ufetus uis uborn uduring uthe ucanalicular uphase u(i.e., uprematurely), usevere
urespiratory udistress ucan ube uexpected ubecause uthe uinadequately udeveloped uairways, ualong uwith uinsufficient uand uimmature
usurfactant uproduction uby ualveolar utype uII ucells, ugives urise uto uthe uconstellation uof uproblems uknown uas uinfant urespiratory
udistress usyndrome.
REF: u u up. u6
4. Which uof uthe ufollowing umechanisms uis u(are) uresponsible ufor uthe upossible uassociation ubetweenuoligohydramnios uand ulung
uhypoplasia?
I. Abnormal ucarbohydrate umetabolism
II. Mechanical urestriction uof uthe uchest uwall
III. Interference uwith ufetal ubreathing
IV. Failure uto uproduce ufetal ulung uliquid
a. I uand uIII uonly
b. II uand uIII uonly
c. I, uII, uand uIV uonly
d. II, uIII, uand uIV uonly
ANS: uD
Oligohydramnios, ua ureduced uquantity uof uamniotic ufluid upresent ufor uan uextended uperiod uof utime,
with uor uwithout urenal uanomTaElieSs,T uiBsuAasNsoKcSiaEteLdLwEitRhu.luCnOguMhypoplasia. uThe umechanisms uby u uwhich uamniotic ufluid uvolume uinfluences ulung
ugrowth uremain uunclear. uPossible uexplanations ufor
reduced uquantity uof uamniotic ufluid uinclude umechanical urestriction uof uthe uchest uwall, uinterference uwith ufetal ubreathing, uor
ufailure uto uproduce ufetal ulung uliquid. uThese uclinical uand uexperimental uobservations upossibly upoint uto ua ucommon
udenominator, ulung ustretch, uas ubeing uaumajor ugrowth ustimulant.
REF: upp. u6-7
5. What uis uthe upurpose uof uthe usubstance usecreted uby uthe utype uII upneumocyte?
a. To uincrease uthe ugas uexchange usurface uarea
b. To ureduce usurface utension
c. To umaintain ulung uelasticity
d. To upreserve uthe uvolume uof uthe uamniotic ufluid
ANS: uB
The uprimary urole uof umammalian usurfactant uis uto ulower uthe usurface utension uwithin uthe ualveolus, uspecifically uat uthe uair–liquid
uinterface. uThis uallows uthe udelicate ustructure uof uthe ualveolus uto uexpand uwhen ufilled uwith uair. uWithout usurfactant, uthe
ualveolus uremains ucollapsed ubecause uof utheuhigh usurface utension uof uthe umoist ualveolar usurface. uSurfactant uis ucomposed
upredominantly uof uan uintricate ublend uof uphospholipids, uneutral ulipids, uand uproteins.
REF: up. u8
, 6. Which uof uthe ufollowing utests uof uthe uamniotic ufluid uhave ubeen ushown uto ube usensitive uindicatorsuof ulung umaturity?
a. Levels uof uprednisone
b. Levels uof uepidermal ugrowth ufactor
c. Levels uof uprostaglandins
d. Levels uof uphosphatidylglycerol uand uphosphatidylcholine
ANS: uD
Of uclinical urelevance uduring ulate ugestation, uanalysis uof uamniotic ufluid ufor uthe uconcentration uofuphosphatidylglycerol uand
uphosphatidylcholine uhas ubeen ushown uto ube ua usensitive uindicator uof uthe ustate uof ufetal ulung umaturity.
REF: up. u8
7. uApproximately uhow umuch ufetal ulung ufluid uis usecreted udaily?
a. uAbout u150 uto u200 uml
b. uAbout u250 uto u300 uml
c. uAbout u350 uto u400 uml
d. uAbout u450 uto u500 uml
ANS: uB
Fetal ulungs uare usecretory uorgans uthat umake ubreathing-like umovements ubut userve uno urespiratory ufunction ubefore ubirth. uThey usecrete u
about u250 uto u300 uml uof uliquid uper uday.
u8. uThe ulung ubud uemerges ufrom uwhich uof uthe ufollowing ustructures?
a. uThe upharynx
b. uThe uforegut
c. uThe umesenchyme
d. uThe utubular uepithelium
ANS: uA
The uembryonal uphase uincludes uprimitive ulung udevelopment uand uis ugenerally uregarded uto uencompass uthe ufirst u2 umonths uof ugestation. u
The ulung ubegins uto uemerge uas ua ubud ufrom uthe upharynx u26 udays uafter uconception.
u u u u u u
u Care, 6th Edition
u u
by Brian K. Walsh
u u u
,Chapter u1: uFetal uLung uDevelopmentuTest uBank
MULTIPLE uCHOICE
1. Which uof uthe ufollowing uphases uof uhuman ulung udevelopment uis ucharacterized uby uthe uformationuof ua ucapillary unetwork uaround
uairway upassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: uD
The ucanalicular uphase ufollows uthe upseudoglandular uphase, ulasting ufrom uapproximately u17 uweeks uto u26 uweeks uof ugestation.
uThis uphase uis uso unamed ubecause uof uthe uappearance uof uvascularuchannels, uor ucapillaries, uwhich ubegin uto ugrow uby uforming
ua ucapillary unetwork uaround uthe uair upassages. uDuring uthe upseudoglandular ustage, uwhich ubegins uat uday u52 uand uextends uto
uweek u16 uof ugestation, uthe uairway usystem usubdivides uextensively uand uthe uconducting uairway usystem udevelops, uending uwith
uthe uterminal ubronchioles. uThe usaccular ustage uof udevelopment, uwhich utakes uplace ufrom uweeks u29 uto u36 uof ugestation, uis
ucharacterized uby uthe udevelopment uof usacs uthatulater ubecome ualveoli. uDuring uthe usaccular uphase, ua utremendous uincrease uin
uthe upotential
gas-exchanging usurface uarea uoccurs. uThe udistinction ubetween uthe usaccular ustage uand uthe ualveolar ustage uis uarbitrary.
uThe ualveolar ustage ustretches ufrom u39 uweeks uof ugestation uto uterm.uThis ustage uis urepresented uby uthe uestablishment uof
ualveoli.
REF: u pp. u u u3-5
2. Regarding upostnatal ulung ugrowth, uby uapproximately uwhat uage udo umost uof uthe ualveoli uthat uwillube upresent uin uthe ulungs ufor
ulife udevelop?
a. 6 umonths
b. 1 uyear
c. 1.5 uyears
d. 2 uyears
ANS: uC
Most uof uthe upostnatal uformation uof ualveoli uin uthe uinfant uoccurs uover uthe ufirst u1.5 uyears uof ulife. uAt u2 uyears uof uage, uthe
unumber uof ualveoli uvaries usubstantially uamong uindividuals. uAfter u2 uyearsuof uage, umales uhave umore ualveoli uthan udo ufemales.
uAfter ualveolar umultiplication uends, uthe ualveoli ucontinue uto uincrease uin usize uuntil uthoracic ugrowth uis ucompleted.
REF: up. u6
3. The urespiratory utherapist uis uevaluating ua unewborn uwith umild urespiratory udistress udue uto utrachealustenosis. uDuring uwhich
uperiod uof ulung udevelopment udid uthis uproblem udevelop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: uA
, The uinitial ustructures uof uthe upulmonary utree udevelop uduring uthe uembryonal ustage. uErrors uin udevelopment uduring uthis utime
umay uresult uin ularyngeal, utracheal, uor uesophageal uatresia uor ustenosis. uPulmonary uhypoplasia, uan uincomplete udevelopment uof
uthe ulungs ucharacterized uby uanuabnormally ulow unumber uand/or usize uof ubronchopulmonary usegments uand/or ualveoli, ucan
udevelop uduring uthe upseudoglandular uphase. uIf uthe ufetus uis uborn uduring uthe ucanalicular uphase u(i.e., uprematurely), usevere
urespiratory udistress ucan ube uexpected ubecause uthe uinadequately udeveloped uairways, ualong uwith uinsufficient uand uimmature
usurfactant uproduction uby ualveolar utype uII ucells, ugives urise uto uthe uconstellation uof uproblems uknown uas uinfant urespiratory
udistress usyndrome.
REF: u u up. u6
4. Which uof uthe ufollowing umechanisms uis u(are) uresponsible ufor uthe upossible uassociation ubetweenuoligohydramnios uand ulung
uhypoplasia?
I. Abnormal ucarbohydrate umetabolism
II. Mechanical urestriction uof uthe uchest uwall
III. Interference uwith ufetal ubreathing
IV. Failure uto uproduce ufetal ulung uliquid
a. I uand uIII uonly
b. II uand uIII uonly
c. I, uII, uand uIV uonly
d. II, uIII, uand uIV uonly
ANS: uD
Oligohydramnios, ua ureduced uquantity uof uamniotic ufluid upresent ufor uan uextended uperiod uof utime,
with uor uwithout urenal uanomTaElieSs,T uiBsuAasNsoKcSiaEteLdLwEitRhu.luCnOguMhypoplasia. uThe umechanisms uby u uwhich uamniotic ufluid uvolume uinfluences ulung
ugrowth uremain uunclear. uPossible uexplanations ufor
reduced uquantity uof uamniotic ufluid uinclude umechanical urestriction uof uthe uchest uwall, uinterference uwith ufetal ubreathing, uor
ufailure uto uproduce ufetal ulung uliquid. uThese uclinical uand uexperimental uobservations upossibly upoint uto ua ucommon
udenominator, ulung ustretch, uas ubeing uaumajor ugrowth ustimulant.
REF: upp. u6-7
5. What uis uthe upurpose uof uthe usubstance usecreted uby uthe utype uII upneumocyte?
a. To uincrease uthe ugas uexchange usurface uarea
b. To ureduce usurface utension
c. To umaintain ulung uelasticity
d. To upreserve uthe uvolume uof uthe uamniotic ufluid
ANS: uB
The uprimary urole uof umammalian usurfactant uis uto ulower uthe usurface utension uwithin uthe ualveolus, uspecifically uat uthe uair–liquid
uinterface. uThis uallows uthe udelicate ustructure uof uthe ualveolus uto uexpand uwhen ufilled uwith uair. uWithout usurfactant, uthe
ualveolus uremains ucollapsed ubecause uof utheuhigh usurface utension uof uthe umoist ualveolar usurface. uSurfactant uis ucomposed
upredominantly uof uan uintricate ublend uof uphospholipids, uneutral ulipids, uand uproteins.
REF: up. u8
, 6. Which uof uthe ufollowing utests uof uthe uamniotic ufluid uhave ubeen ushown uto ube usensitive uindicatorsuof ulung umaturity?
a. Levels uof uprednisone
b. Levels uof uepidermal ugrowth ufactor
c. Levels uof uprostaglandins
d. Levels uof uphosphatidylglycerol uand uphosphatidylcholine
ANS: uD
Of uclinical urelevance uduring ulate ugestation, uanalysis uof uamniotic ufluid ufor uthe uconcentration uofuphosphatidylglycerol uand
uphosphatidylcholine uhas ubeen ushown uto ube ua usensitive uindicator uof uthe ustate uof ufetal ulung umaturity.
REF: up. u8
7. uApproximately uhow umuch ufetal ulung ufluid uis usecreted udaily?
a. uAbout u150 uto u200 uml
b. uAbout u250 uto u300 uml
c. uAbout u350 uto u400 uml
d. uAbout u450 uto u500 uml
ANS: uB
Fetal ulungs uare usecretory uorgans uthat umake ubreathing-like umovements ubut userve uno urespiratory ufunction ubefore ubirth. uThey usecrete u
about u250 uto u300 uml uof uliquid uper uday.
u8. uThe ulung ubud uemerges ufrom uwhich uof uthe ufollowing ustructures?
a. uThe upharynx
b. uThe uforegut
c. uThe umesenchyme
d. uThe utubular uepithelium
ANS: uA
The uembryonal uphase uincludes uprimitive ulung udevelopment uand uis ugenerally uregarded uto uencompass uthe ufirst u2 umonths uof ugestation. u
The ulung ubegins uto uemerge uas ua ubud ufrom uthe upharynx u26 udays uafter uconception.
