Test Bank For Pharmacology for Nurses, Canadian Edition, 3rd E
b b b b b b b b b
dition by Michael Adams (), 9780135493199 / Chapter 1-
b b b b b b b b
64 / All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
b b b b b b b
Whatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebα1breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bIncreasebvascularbsmoothbmusclebcontraction,bincreasebpupillarybdilatorbmusclebcontractio
nb(mydriasis),bincreasebintestinalbandbbladderbsphincterbmusclebcontraction
Whatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebα2breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bDecreasebsympatheticboutflow,bdecreasebinsulinbrelease,bdecreaseblipolysis,bincreasebplatel
etbaggregation,bdecreasebaqueousbhumorbproduction
Whatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebβ1breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bIncreasebheartbrate,bincreasebcontractility,bincreasebreninbrelease,bincreaseblipolysis
Whatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebβ2breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bVasodilation,bbronchodilation,bincreaseblipolysis, bincreasebinsulinbrelease,bdecreasebuterineb
toneb(tocolysis),bciliarybmusclebrelaxation,bincreasebaqueousbhumorbproduction
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebM1breceptor?b-bANSWER:bCNS,bentericbnervousbsystem
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebM2breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bDecreasebheartbratebandbcontractilitybofbatria
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebM3breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bIncreasebexocrinebglandbsecretionsb(e.g.,blacrimal,bsalivary,bgastricbacid),bincreasebgutbperist
alsis,bincreasebbladderbcontraction,bincreasebbronchoconstriction,bpupillarybsphincterbmusclebcontracti
onb(miosis),bciliarybmusclebcontractionb(accommodation)
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebD1breceptor?b-bANSWER:bRelaxesbrenalbvascularbsmoothbmuscle
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebD2breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bModulatesbtransmitterbrelease,bespeciallybinbthebbrain
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebH1breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bIncreasebnasalbandbbronchialbmucusbproduction,bincreasebvascularbpermeability,bcontractio
nbofbbronchioles,bpruritis,bpain
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebH2breceptor?b-bANSWER:bIncreasebgastricbacidbsecretion
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebV1breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bIncreasebvascularbsmoothbmusclebcontraction
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebV2breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bIncreasebH2Obpermeabilitybandbreabsorptionbinbcollectingbtubulesbofbkidneyb(V2bisbfoundbin
btheb"2"bkidneys)
WhatbreceptorsbarebassociatebwithbGq?b-bANSWER:bH1,bα1,bV1,bM1,bandbM3
WhatbreceptorsbarebassociatedbwithbGs?b-bANSWER:bH2,bB1,bB2,bV2,bD1
WhatbreceptorsbarebassociatedbwithbGi?b-bANSWER:bM2,bα2,bD2
Bethanecholb-bANSWER:b-Directbcholinergicbagonist
,-Activatesbbowelbandbbladderbsmoothbmuscleb
-Usedbinbpostoperativebandbneurogenicbileusb
-ResistantbtobAChE
Carbacholb-bANSWER:b-Directbcholinergicbagonist
-Carbonbcopybofbacetylcholine
-Constrictsbpupilsbandbrelievesbintraocularbpressurebinbglaucoma
Methacholineb-bANSWER:b-Directbcholinergicbagonist
-Stimulatesbmuscarinicbreceptorsbinbairwaysbwhenbinhaledb
-Usedbasbabchallengebtestbforbdiagnosisbofbasthma
Pilocarpineb-bANSWER:b-Directbcholinergicbagonist
-
Contractsbciliarybmusclebofbeyeb(openbanglebglaucoma),bcontractsbpupillarybsphincterb(closedbanglebgla
ucoma)
-Potentbstimulatorbofbsweat,btearsbandbsaliva
-AChEbresistant
Donepezilb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-Alzheimerbdisease
Galantamineb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-Alzheimerbdisease
Rivastigmineb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-Alzheimerbdisease
Edrophoniumb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-Historicallybusedbtobdiagnosebmyastheniabgravisb(MGbisbnowbdiagnosedbbybanti-AChRbAbbtest.
Neostigmineb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-
Usedbinbpostoperativebandbneurogenicbileusbandburinarybretention,bmyastheniabgravis,bandbpostoperat
ivebreversalbofbneuromuscularbjunctionbblockade
Physostigmineb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-Usedbinbanticholinergicbtoxicity
-Crossesbthebblood-brainbbarrierb(CNS)
Pyridostigmineb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-Increasesbmusclebstrengthb
-Usedbinbmyastheniabgravisb(longbacting)
-DoesbnotbpenetratebCNS
Atropineb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonistb
-Usedbinbbradycardiabandbforbophthalmicbapplications
-Alsobusedbasbantidotebforbcholinesterasebinhibitorbpoisoning
-
Actionsbincludebincreasebpupilbdilation,bcycloplegia,bdecreasedbairwaybsecretions,bdecreasedbacidbsecr
etions,bdecreasedbgutbmotility,bdecreasedbbladderburgencybinbcystitisb
-
Toxicity:bincreasedbbodybtempb(duebtobdecreasedbsweating),brapidbpulse,bdrybmouth,bdrybandbflushedb
skin,bcycloplegia,bconstipation,bdisorientation;b
-Canbcausebacutebangle-
closurebglaucomabinbelderlyb(duebtobmydriasis),burinarybretentionbinbmenbwithbprostaticbhyperplasia,ba
ndbhyperthermiabinbinfants
,-Seebalsobhomatropinebandbtropicamide
Benztropineb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-WorksbinbCNSb
-UsedbinbParkinsonbdiseasebandbacutebdystonia
Glycopyrrolateb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-Parentalbuse:bpreoperativebusebtobreducebairwaybsecretions
-Oralbuse:bdrooling,bpepticbulcer
Hyoscyamineb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-AntispasmodicsbforbIBS
Dicyclomideb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-AntispasmodicsbforbIBS
Ipratropiumb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-UsedbinbCOPDbandbasthma
Tiotropiumb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-UsedbinbCOPDbandbasthma
Oxybutyninb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-Reducedbbladderbspasmsbandburgeburinarybincontinence
Solifenacinb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-Reducedbbladderbspasmsbandburgeburinarybincontinence
Tolterodineb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-Reducedbbladderbspasmsbandburgeburinarybincontinence
Scopalamineb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-Motionbsickness
Tetrodotoxinb-bANSWER:b-
Poisoningbcanbresultbfrombingestionbofbpoorlybpreparedbpufferbfishb(exoticbsushi)
-Highlybpotentbtoxinbthatbbindsbfastbvoltage-
gatedbNa+bchannelsbinbcardiacbandbnervebtissue,bpreventingbdepolarizationb-
bblocksbactionbpotentialbwithoutbchangingbrestingbpotentialb(samebmechanismbasbLidocaine)
-Causesbnausea,bdiarrhea,bparesthesias,bweakness,bdizziness,blossbofbreflexes.
-Treatmentbisbprimarilybsupportive.
Ciguatoxinb-bANSWER:b-Consumptionbofbreefbfishb(e.g.bbarracuda,bsnapper,beel...)
-Causesbciguaterabfishbpoisoning.b
-OpensbNa+bchannelsbcausingbdepolarization.bSymptomsbeasilybconfusedbwithbcholinergicbpoisoning.b
-Temperature-
relatedbdysesthesiab(e.g.,b"coldbfeelsbhot;bhotbfeelsbcold")bisbregardedbasbabspecificbfindingbofbciguatera.
-Treatmentbisbprimarilybsupportive.
Scombroidbpoisoningb-bANSWER:b-Causedbbybconsumptionbofbdark-
meatbfishb(e.g.,bbonito,bmackerel,bmahi-mahi,btuna)bimproperlybstoredbatbwarmbtemperature.b
-
Bacterialbhistidinebdecarboxylasebconvertsbhistidinebtobhistamine.bHistaminebisbnotbdegradedbbybcooki
ng.
-Acute-
onsetbburningbsensationbofbthebmouth,bflushingbofbface,berythema,burticaria,bpruritus,bheadache.bMayb
causebanaphylaxis-likebpresentationb(i.e.,bbronchospasm,bangioedema,bhypotension).
, -Frequentlybmisdiagnosedbasballergybtobfish.
-
Treatbsupportivelybwithbantihistamines;bifbneeded,bantianaphylacticsb(e.g.,bbronchodilators,bepinephri
ne).
Albuterolb-bANSWER:b-β2b>bβ1bdirectbagonistb
-Acutebasthma
Salmterolb-bANSWER:b-β2b>bβ1bdirectbagonist
-LongbtermbasthmaborbCOPDbcontrol
Dobutamineb-bANSWER:b-β1b>bβ2,bαbdirectbagonist
-Uses:bheartbfailureb(HF)b(inotropicb>bchronotropic),bcardiacbstressbtesting.
Dopamineb-bANSWER:b-D1b=bD2b>bβb>bαbdirectbagonist
-
Uses:bunstablebbradycardia,bHF,bshock;binotropicbandbchronotropicbαbeffectsbpredominatebatbhighbdos
es.
Epinephrineb-bANSWER:b-βb>bαbdirectbagonistb
-Uses:banaphylaxis,basthma,bopen-anglebglaucoma;
αbeffectsbpredominatebatbhighbdoses.bSignificantlybstrongerbeffectbatbβ2-receptorbthanbnorepinephrine.
Isoprterenolb-bANSWER:b-β1b=bβ2bdirectbagonist
-Uses:belectrophysiologicbevaluationbofbtachyarrhythmias.bCanbworsenbischemia
Norepinephrineb-bANSWER:b-α1b>bα2b>bβ1bdirectbagonist
-Hypotensionb(butrenalbperfusion).bSignificantlybweakerbeffectbatbβ2-receptorbthanbepinephrine.
Phenylephrineb-bANSWER:b-α1b>bα2bdirectbagonistb
-Uses:bhypotensionb(vasoconstrictor),bocularbproceduresb(mydriatic),brhinitisb(decongestant)
Amphetamineb-bANSWER:b-Indirectbgeneralbsympatheticbagonistb
-reuptakebinhibitor;balsobreleasesbstoredbcatecholaminesb
-Narcolepsy,bobesity,bADHD.
Cocaineb-bANSWER:b-Indirectbgeneralbsympatheticbagonist
-Reuptakebinhibitorb
-Causesbvasoconstrictionbandblocalbanesthesia.b
-Neverbgivebβ-blockersbifbcocainebintoxicationbis
suspectedb(canbleadbtobunopposedbα1bactivationbandbextremebhypertension).
Ephedrineb-bANSWER:b-Indirectbgeneralbsympatheticbagonist
-Releasesbstoredbcatecholaminesb
-Nasalbdecongestion,burinarybincontinence,bhypotension.
Norepinephrinebvs.bisoproterenolb-bANSWER:b-
Norepinephrinebincreasesbsystolicbandbdiastolicbpressuresbasbabresultbofbα1-
mediatedbvasoconstrictionbcausingbincreasedbinbmeanbarterialbpressurebandbreflexbbradycardia.b-
However,bisoproterenolb(noblongerbcommonlybused)bhasblittlebαbeffectbbutbcausesbβ2-
mediatedbvasodilation,bresultingbinbdecreasedbmeanbarterialbpressurebandbincreasedbheartbratebthroug
hbβ1bandbreflexbactivity.
Clonidineb-bANSWER:b-α2-agonistb
-
Uses:bhypertensiveburgencyb(limitedbsituations);bdoesbnotbdecreasebrenalbbloodbflow;bADHD,bTouretteb
syndrome
b b b b b b b b b
dition by Michael Adams (), 9780135493199 / Chapter 1-
b b b b b b b b
64 / All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
b b b b b b b
Whatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebα1breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bIncreasebvascularbsmoothbmusclebcontraction,bincreasebpupillarybdilatorbmusclebcontractio
nb(mydriasis),bincreasebintestinalbandbbladderbsphincterbmusclebcontraction
Whatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebα2breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bDecreasebsympatheticboutflow,bdecreasebinsulinbrelease,bdecreaseblipolysis,bincreasebplatel
etbaggregation,bdecreasebaqueousbhumorbproduction
Whatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebβ1breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bIncreasebheartbrate,bincreasebcontractility,bincreasebreninbrelease,bincreaseblipolysis
Whatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebβ2breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bVasodilation,bbronchodilation,bincreaseblipolysis, bincreasebinsulinbrelease,bdecreasebuterineb
toneb(tocolysis),bciliarybmusclebrelaxation,bincreasebaqueousbhumorbproduction
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebM1breceptor?b-bANSWER:bCNS,bentericbnervousbsystem
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebM2breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bDecreasebheartbratebandbcontractilitybofbatria
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebM3breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bIncreasebexocrinebglandbsecretionsb(e.g.,blacrimal,bsalivary,bgastricbacid),bincreasebgutbperist
alsis,bincreasebbladderbcontraction,bincreasebbronchoconstriction,bpupillarybsphincterbmusclebcontracti
onb(miosis),bciliarybmusclebcontractionb(accommodation)
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebD1breceptor?b-bANSWER:bRelaxesbrenalbvascularbsmoothbmuscle
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebD2breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bModulatesbtransmitterbrelease,bespeciallybinbthebbrain
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebH1breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bIncreasebnasalbandbbronchialbmucusbproduction,bincreasebvascularbpermeability,bcontractio
nbofbbronchioles,bpruritis,bpain
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebH2breceptor?b-bANSWER:bIncreasebgastricbacidbsecretion
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebV1breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bIncreasebvascularbsmoothbmusclebcontraction
WhatbarebthebmajorbfunctionsbofbthebV2breceptor?b-
bANSWER:bIncreasebH2Obpermeabilitybandbreabsorptionbinbcollectingbtubulesbofbkidneyb(V2bisbfoundbin
btheb"2"bkidneys)
WhatbreceptorsbarebassociatebwithbGq?b-bANSWER:bH1,bα1,bV1,bM1,bandbM3
WhatbreceptorsbarebassociatedbwithbGs?b-bANSWER:bH2,bB1,bB2,bV2,bD1
WhatbreceptorsbarebassociatedbwithbGi?b-bANSWER:bM2,bα2,bD2
Bethanecholb-bANSWER:b-Directbcholinergicbagonist
,-Activatesbbowelbandbbladderbsmoothbmuscleb
-Usedbinbpostoperativebandbneurogenicbileusb
-ResistantbtobAChE
Carbacholb-bANSWER:b-Directbcholinergicbagonist
-Carbonbcopybofbacetylcholine
-Constrictsbpupilsbandbrelievesbintraocularbpressurebinbglaucoma
Methacholineb-bANSWER:b-Directbcholinergicbagonist
-Stimulatesbmuscarinicbreceptorsbinbairwaysbwhenbinhaledb
-Usedbasbabchallengebtestbforbdiagnosisbofbasthma
Pilocarpineb-bANSWER:b-Directbcholinergicbagonist
-
Contractsbciliarybmusclebofbeyeb(openbanglebglaucoma),bcontractsbpupillarybsphincterb(closedbanglebgla
ucoma)
-Potentbstimulatorbofbsweat,btearsbandbsaliva
-AChEbresistant
Donepezilb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-Alzheimerbdisease
Galantamineb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-Alzheimerbdisease
Rivastigmineb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-Alzheimerbdisease
Edrophoniumb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-Historicallybusedbtobdiagnosebmyastheniabgravisb(MGbisbnowbdiagnosedbbybanti-AChRbAbbtest.
Neostigmineb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-
Usedbinbpostoperativebandbneurogenicbileusbandburinarybretention,bmyastheniabgravis,bandbpostoperat
ivebreversalbofbneuromuscularbjunctionbblockade
Physostigmineb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-Usedbinbanticholinergicbtoxicity
-Crossesbthebblood-brainbbarrierb(CNS)
Pyridostigmineb-bANSWER:b-Anticholinesterseb-bincreasesbACh
-Increasesbmusclebstrengthb
-Usedbinbmyastheniabgravisb(longbacting)
-DoesbnotbpenetratebCNS
Atropineb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonistb
-Usedbinbbradycardiabandbforbophthalmicbapplications
-Alsobusedbasbantidotebforbcholinesterasebinhibitorbpoisoning
-
Actionsbincludebincreasebpupilbdilation,bcycloplegia,bdecreasedbairwaybsecretions,bdecreasedbacidbsecr
etions,bdecreasedbgutbmotility,bdecreasedbbladderburgencybinbcystitisb
-
Toxicity:bincreasedbbodybtempb(duebtobdecreasedbsweating),brapidbpulse,bdrybmouth,bdrybandbflushedb
skin,bcycloplegia,bconstipation,bdisorientation;b
-Canbcausebacutebangle-
closurebglaucomabinbelderlyb(duebtobmydriasis),burinarybretentionbinbmenbwithbprostaticbhyperplasia,ba
ndbhyperthermiabinbinfants
,-Seebalsobhomatropinebandbtropicamide
Benztropineb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-WorksbinbCNSb
-UsedbinbParkinsonbdiseasebandbacutebdystonia
Glycopyrrolateb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-Parentalbuse:bpreoperativebusebtobreducebairwaybsecretions
-Oralbuse:bdrooling,bpepticbulcer
Hyoscyamineb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-AntispasmodicsbforbIBS
Dicyclomideb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-AntispasmodicsbforbIBS
Ipratropiumb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-UsedbinbCOPDbandbasthma
Tiotropiumb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-UsedbinbCOPDbandbasthma
Oxybutyninb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-Reducedbbladderbspasmsbandburgeburinarybincontinence
Solifenacinb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-Reducedbbladderbspasmsbandburgeburinarybincontinence
Tolterodineb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-Reducedbbladderbspasmsbandburgeburinarybincontinence
Scopalamineb-bANSWER:b-Muscarinicbantagonist
-Motionbsickness
Tetrodotoxinb-bANSWER:b-
Poisoningbcanbresultbfrombingestionbofbpoorlybpreparedbpufferbfishb(exoticbsushi)
-Highlybpotentbtoxinbthatbbindsbfastbvoltage-
gatedbNa+bchannelsbinbcardiacbandbnervebtissue,bpreventingbdepolarizationb-
bblocksbactionbpotentialbwithoutbchangingbrestingbpotentialb(samebmechanismbasbLidocaine)
-Causesbnausea,bdiarrhea,bparesthesias,bweakness,bdizziness,blossbofbreflexes.
-Treatmentbisbprimarilybsupportive.
Ciguatoxinb-bANSWER:b-Consumptionbofbreefbfishb(e.g.bbarracuda,bsnapper,beel...)
-Causesbciguaterabfishbpoisoning.b
-OpensbNa+bchannelsbcausingbdepolarization.bSymptomsbeasilybconfusedbwithbcholinergicbpoisoning.b
-Temperature-
relatedbdysesthesiab(e.g.,b"coldbfeelsbhot;bhotbfeelsbcold")bisbregardedbasbabspecificbfindingbofbciguatera.
-Treatmentbisbprimarilybsupportive.
Scombroidbpoisoningb-bANSWER:b-Causedbbybconsumptionbofbdark-
meatbfishb(e.g.,bbonito,bmackerel,bmahi-mahi,btuna)bimproperlybstoredbatbwarmbtemperature.b
-
Bacterialbhistidinebdecarboxylasebconvertsbhistidinebtobhistamine.bHistaminebisbnotbdegradedbbybcooki
ng.
-Acute-
onsetbburningbsensationbofbthebmouth,bflushingbofbface,berythema,burticaria,bpruritus,bheadache.bMayb
causebanaphylaxis-likebpresentationb(i.e.,bbronchospasm,bangioedema,bhypotension).
, -Frequentlybmisdiagnosedbasballergybtobfish.
-
Treatbsupportivelybwithbantihistamines;bifbneeded,bantianaphylacticsb(e.g.,bbronchodilators,bepinephri
ne).
Albuterolb-bANSWER:b-β2b>bβ1bdirectbagonistb
-Acutebasthma
Salmterolb-bANSWER:b-β2b>bβ1bdirectbagonist
-LongbtermbasthmaborbCOPDbcontrol
Dobutamineb-bANSWER:b-β1b>bβ2,bαbdirectbagonist
-Uses:bheartbfailureb(HF)b(inotropicb>bchronotropic),bcardiacbstressbtesting.
Dopamineb-bANSWER:b-D1b=bD2b>bβb>bαbdirectbagonist
-
Uses:bunstablebbradycardia,bHF,bshock;binotropicbandbchronotropicbαbeffectsbpredominatebatbhighbdos
es.
Epinephrineb-bANSWER:b-βb>bαbdirectbagonistb
-Uses:banaphylaxis,basthma,bopen-anglebglaucoma;
αbeffectsbpredominatebatbhighbdoses.bSignificantlybstrongerbeffectbatbβ2-receptorbthanbnorepinephrine.
Isoprterenolb-bANSWER:b-β1b=bβ2bdirectbagonist
-Uses:belectrophysiologicbevaluationbofbtachyarrhythmias.bCanbworsenbischemia
Norepinephrineb-bANSWER:b-α1b>bα2b>bβ1bdirectbagonist
-Hypotensionb(butrenalbperfusion).bSignificantlybweakerbeffectbatbβ2-receptorbthanbepinephrine.
Phenylephrineb-bANSWER:b-α1b>bα2bdirectbagonistb
-Uses:bhypotensionb(vasoconstrictor),bocularbproceduresb(mydriatic),brhinitisb(decongestant)
Amphetamineb-bANSWER:b-Indirectbgeneralbsympatheticbagonistb
-reuptakebinhibitor;balsobreleasesbstoredbcatecholaminesb
-Narcolepsy,bobesity,bADHD.
Cocaineb-bANSWER:b-Indirectbgeneralbsympatheticbagonist
-Reuptakebinhibitorb
-Causesbvasoconstrictionbandblocalbanesthesia.b
-Neverbgivebβ-blockersbifbcocainebintoxicationbis
suspectedb(canbleadbtobunopposedbα1bactivationbandbextremebhypertension).
Ephedrineb-bANSWER:b-Indirectbgeneralbsympatheticbagonist
-Releasesbstoredbcatecholaminesb
-Nasalbdecongestion,burinarybincontinence,bhypotension.
Norepinephrinebvs.bisoproterenolb-bANSWER:b-
Norepinephrinebincreasesbsystolicbandbdiastolicbpressuresbasbabresultbofbα1-
mediatedbvasoconstrictionbcausingbincreasedbinbmeanbarterialbpressurebandbreflexbbradycardia.b-
However,bisoproterenolb(noblongerbcommonlybused)bhasblittlebαbeffectbbutbcausesbβ2-
mediatedbvasodilation,bresultingbinbdecreasedbmeanbarterialbpressurebandbincreasedbheartbratebthroug
hbβ1bandbreflexbactivity.
Clonidineb-bANSWER:b-α2-agonistb
-
Uses:bhypertensiveburgencyb(limitedbsituations);bdoesbnotbdecreasebrenalbbloodbflow;bADHD,bTouretteb
syndrome
