Geography IGCSE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
What are the 5 coastal Shaping Processes? - Correct
Answers ✅1. Deposition
2. Erosion
3. Waves
4. Long-shore Drift
5. Land Processes
What are the 3 types of land Processes? - Correct Answers
✅1. Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Mass Movement
What are the 4 types of Erosion? - Correct Answers ✅1.
Hydraulic Action
2. Abrasion
3. Attrition
4. Corrosion
Hydraulic Action (Coasts) - Correct Answers ✅Air may
become trapped in faults and cracks in the cliff face. When
waves break, the air becomes compressed and forces the
cracks to widen, hence weakening the cliff. (...causing
erosion.)
,Geography IGCSE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
Corrosion (Coasts) - Correct Answers ✅Acids contained in
sea water will dissolve certain types of rocks and minerals,
causing erosion.
Abrasion (Coasts) - Correct Answers ✅Waves carrying
rocks and sand grind down the cliff when they break, like
sand paper, causing erosion.
Attrition (Coasts) - Correct Answers ✅When waves smash
rocks and pebbles into the cliff face or into each other, they
become smaller and smoother.
What does the amount of energy in a wave depend on? -
Correct Answers ✅- The speed of the wind: stronger winds
result in stronger waves because more energy is transferred
into the waves
- How long the wind has been blowing: the longer the wind
has been blowing, the more energy is transferred and the
stronger the waves
- The fetch: the longer the fetch, the greater is the possibility
of large waves if the storms are widespread
What are the 2 types of waves? - Correct Answers ✅1.
Constructive
2. Destructive
,Geography IGCSE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
Properties of Constructive waves - Correct Answers ✅-
Strong swash
- Weak backwash
- Low Waves
- Long Wavelength
- Rolling Waves
- More Deposition
- Less Erosion
- Build up beaches
- Found in sheltered bay and spits where they build up sandy
beaches
- More common in summer than in winter
- Wavefront is gently sloping
- Water spread a long way up the gently sloping
Properties of Destructive waves - Correct Answers ✅- Weak
(relative) Swash (but stronger than that of a constructive
wave)
- Strong Backwash
- High Waves
- Short Wavelength
- Breaking Waves
- More Erosion
- Less Deposition
, Geography IGCSE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
- Remove more sediment from beaches
- Found in more exposed bays, where they build up pebble
beaches
- More common in winter than in summer
- Can comb beach material back into the sea and lower
beaches in the winter
- The force generated by a breaking destructive waves is also
sufficient enough to erode a headland
How are waves created? - Correct Answers ✅Waves are
caused by the transfer of energy from the wind to the sea
due to friction of the wind on the water's surface
Describe the movement of a wave in shallow water - Correct
Answers ✅In deep water, each water molecule within a
wave moves in a circular motion. As waves move into shallow
water, they begin to stack up. Waves slow down due to
friction with the seabed and begin to increase in height.
Water molecules are now moving in an elliptical shape. AS
frictional drag with the seabed increases, the base of the
wave is slowed down so the top part is travelling faster. This
causes the wave to tilt, break and move towards the shore in
the surf zone. The wave breaks and flows onto the beach as
swash and gravity takes it back down the beach as
backwash.
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
What are the 5 coastal Shaping Processes? - Correct
Answers ✅1. Deposition
2. Erosion
3. Waves
4. Long-shore Drift
5. Land Processes
What are the 3 types of land Processes? - Correct Answers
✅1. Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Mass Movement
What are the 4 types of Erosion? - Correct Answers ✅1.
Hydraulic Action
2. Abrasion
3. Attrition
4. Corrosion
Hydraulic Action (Coasts) - Correct Answers ✅Air may
become trapped in faults and cracks in the cliff face. When
waves break, the air becomes compressed and forces the
cracks to widen, hence weakening the cliff. (...causing
erosion.)
,Geography IGCSE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
Corrosion (Coasts) - Correct Answers ✅Acids contained in
sea water will dissolve certain types of rocks and minerals,
causing erosion.
Abrasion (Coasts) - Correct Answers ✅Waves carrying
rocks and sand grind down the cliff when they break, like
sand paper, causing erosion.
Attrition (Coasts) - Correct Answers ✅When waves smash
rocks and pebbles into the cliff face or into each other, they
become smaller and smoother.
What does the amount of energy in a wave depend on? -
Correct Answers ✅- The speed of the wind: stronger winds
result in stronger waves because more energy is transferred
into the waves
- How long the wind has been blowing: the longer the wind
has been blowing, the more energy is transferred and the
stronger the waves
- The fetch: the longer the fetch, the greater is the possibility
of large waves if the storms are widespread
What are the 2 types of waves? - Correct Answers ✅1.
Constructive
2. Destructive
,Geography IGCSE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
Properties of Constructive waves - Correct Answers ✅-
Strong swash
- Weak backwash
- Low Waves
- Long Wavelength
- Rolling Waves
- More Deposition
- Less Erosion
- Build up beaches
- Found in sheltered bay and spits where they build up sandy
beaches
- More common in summer than in winter
- Wavefront is gently sloping
- Water spread a long way up the gently sloping
Properties of Destructive waves - Correct Answers ✅- Weak
(relative) Swash (but stronger than that of a constructive
wave)
- Strong Backwash
- High Waves
- Short Wavelength
- Breaking Waves
- More Erosion
- Less Deposition
, Geography IGCSE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
- Remove more sediment from beaches
- Found in more exposed bays, where they build up pebble
beaches
- More common in winter than in summer
- Can comb beach material back into the sea and lower
beaches in the winter
- The force generated by a breaking destructive waves is also
sufficient enough to erode a headland
How are waves created? - Correct Answers ✅Waves are
caused by the transfer of energy from the wind to the sea
due to friction of the wind on the water's surface
Describe the movement of a wave in shallow water - Correct
Answers ✅In deep water, each water molecule within a
wave moves in a circular motion. As waves move into shallow
water, they begin to stack up. Waves slow down due to
friction with the seabed and begin to increase in height.
Water molecules are now moving in an elliptical shape. AS
frictional drag with the seabed increases, the base of the
wave is slowed down so the top part is travelling faster. This
causes the wave to tilt, break and move towards the shore in
the surf zone. The wave breaks and flows onto the beach as
swash and gravity takes it back down the beach as
backwash.
