Nutrition 331 Athabasca University – exam
with answers
Nutrition - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Study of nutrients and other biologically active
compounds in foods and in the body; also human behaviours related to food
Nutrients - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Components of food that are indispensable to
the bodies functioning. Provide energy, serve as building material, support growth,
maintain or repair body parts.
Essential Nutrients - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Must be provided directly from food
6 Major classes of nutrients - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Carbohydrates, fat, protein,
vitamins, minerals, water
Chronic Diseases - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Long-duration degenerative diseases
characterized by deterioration of the bodies organs. EX: heart disease, cancer,
diabetes.
Organic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Carbon Containing. 4 of 6 carbon containing
nutrients: carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins
Vitamins and minerals aid the body in - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Digesting food,
moving muscles, disposing wastes, growing new tissues, healing wounds, obtaining
energy from macros
,Non-nutrients - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Compounds other than the 6 nutrients
present in foods
Phytochemicals - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Naturally occuring compounds found in
plants, (colour, taste)
Element diets - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Purified ingredients, intended to supply
all essential nutrients to people who cannot eat food EX: tube feeding
Assessment of nutritional status - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- History
- Anthropometric measures
- Physical examination
- Laboratory tests
Assessment of nutritional status: History - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Diet, medical
history, socioeconomic (finances, education ) and diet-related conditions. EX:
alcoholism, anorexia, cancer, drug addiction)
Anthropometric measures - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Physical characteristics of the
body, such as height and weight.
Physical Examination - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Various parts of the body
inspected. Hair, eyes, skin, tongue, fingernails. Can provide evidence of deficiencies,
imbalances and toxicity status
Laboratory Tests - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Samples of bodily fluids, such as blood
or urine and analyze them in a lab. Biochemical abnormalities occur long before
,clinical or physical symptoms appear. Do not indicate whether the cause is primary
or secondary deficiencies
Primary and secondary deficiencies - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Inadequate dietary
intake
Inefficient absorptions and excessive exertion
Collecting diet information (4 methods) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Diet history
- Food diary
- Twenty four hour recall
- Food frequency
Food composition databases - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Lists average nutrient
composition of foods. Content influenced by:
- Variety or strain of food
- Geographic location and season of production
- Mineral content of soil
- Stage of maturity at harvest
- Method of processing
- Method and length of time of storage
- Method of cooking
Limitations of Food Composition tables - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Several
nutrients are not included (eg. fatty acids and trace minerals)
- Not all foods have been tested for all nutrients
, - Nutrient data is a approximation
- Not always completely absorbed by body
- Mixed dishes vary widely in nutrient composition
To reduce changes by random chance in intervention studies, researchers apply -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Large test groups ( 30 or more people)
- Randomly placed in groups
- Two groups compared at start and finish
Intervention studied without control group is called - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Uncontrolled - Much less reliable
Clinical trial ( Randomized control trials) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Studies carried
out on healthy subjects with an aim of preventing disease, or sick people to test
treatment
Anecdotal Evidence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Simplest, least reliable for studying
the role of diet in disease
EX: A woman who smokes during pregnancy births a healthy baby. While a woman
who doesn't smoke births a baby with downs syndrome.
Could suggest smoking prevents down syndrome
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔study of the patterns, causes, and effects
of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
Four types of epidemiology studies - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Population
with answers
Nutrition - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Study of nutrients and other biologically active
compounds in foods and in the body; also human behaviours related to food
Nutrients - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Components of food that are indispensable to
the bodies functioning. Provide energy, serve as building material, support growth,
maintain or repair body parts.
Essential Nutrients - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Must be provided directly from food
6 Major classes of nutrients - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Carbohydrates, fat, protein,
vitamins, minerals, water
Chronic Diseases - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Long-duration degenerative diseases
characterized by deterioration of the bodies organs. EX: heart disease, cancer,
diabetes.
Organic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Carbon Containing. 4 of 6 carbon containing
nutrients: carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins
Vitamins and minerals aid the body in - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Digesting food,
moving muscles, disposing wastes, growing new tissues, healing wounds, obtaining
energy from macros
,Non-nutrients - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Compounds other than the 6 nutrients
present in foods
Phytochemicals - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Naturally occuring compounds found in
plants, (colour, taste)
Element diets - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Purified ingredients, intended to supply
all essential nutrients to people who cannot eat food EX: tube feeding
Assessment of nutritional status - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- History
- Anthropometric measures
- Physical examination
- Laboratory tests
Assessment of nutritional status: History - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Diet, medical
history, socioeconomic (finances, education ) and diet-related conditions. EX:
alcoholism, anorexia, cancer, drug addiction)
Anthropometric measures - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Physical characteristics of the
body, such as height and weight.
Physical Examination - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Various parts of the body
inspected. Hair, eyes, skin, tongue, fingernails. Can provide evidence of deficiencies,
imbalances and toxicity status
Laboratory Tests - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Samples of bodily fluids, such as blood
or urine and analyze them in a lab. Biochemical abnormalities occur long before
,clinical or physical symptoms appear. Do not indicate whether the cause is primary
or secondary deficiencies
Primary and secondary deficiencies - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Inadequate dietary
intake
Inefficient absorptions and excessive exertion
Collecting diet information (4 methods) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Diet history
- Food diary
- Twenty four hour recall
- Food frequency
Food composition databases - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Lists average nutrient
composition of foods. Content influenced by:
- Variety or strain of food
- Geographic location and season of production
- Mineral content of soil
- Stage of maturity at harvest
- Method of processing
- Method and length of time of storage
- Method of cooking
Limitations of Food Composition tables - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Several
nutrients are not included (eg. fatty acids and trace minerals)
- Not all foods have been tested for all nutrients
, - Nutrient data is a approximation
- Not always completely absorbed by body
- Mixed dishes vary widely in nutrient composition
To reduce changes by random chance in intervention studies, researchers apply -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Large test groups ( 30 or more people)
- Randomly placed in groups
- Two groups compared at start and finish
Intervention studied without control group is called - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Uncontrolled - Much less reliable
Clinical trial ( Randomized control trials) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Studies carried
out on healthy subjects with an aim of preventing disease, or sick people to test
treatment
Anecdotal Evidence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Simplest, least reliable for studying
the role of diet in disease
EX: A woman who smokes during pregnancy births a healthy baby. While a woman
who doesn't smoke births a baby with downs syndrome.
Could suggest smoking prevents down syndrome
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔study of the patterns, causes, and effects
of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
Four types of epidemiology studies - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Population
