Maryville University Pharmacology 615 Exam 2

Maryville University Pharmacology 615
Exam 2

OseltamivirX(Tamiflu)X-
XANSWERXNeuramidaseXInhibitor.XOralXAntiviralXforXinfluenzaXA&B.XWorksXbyXbreakingXtheXbondXthat
XattachesXtheXviralXparticlesXtoXhostXcell.XSEXincludeXheadache,Xn/v,XandXCNS.




ZanamivirX(Relenza)X-
XANSWERXNeuramidaseXInhibitor.XInhaledXAntiviralXforXinfluenzaXA&B.XWorksXbyXbreakingXtheXbondXt
hatXattachesXtheXviralXparticlesXtoXhostXcell.XContraindicatedXforXCOPD.XSEXincludeXheadache,Xn/
v,XandXCNS.



AmantadineX(Symmetrel)X-
XANSWERXInhaledXAntiviralXforXInfluenzaXA.XWorksXbyXbindingXtoXionXchannelsXformedXbyXtheXmembr
aneXproteinXofXviralXenvelope.XHighXpKAXsoXnoXabsorptionXinXstomach.XCNSXsideXeffectsXlikeXdizziness
.



RimantadineX(Flumadine)X-
XANSWERXInhaledXAntiviralXforXInfluenzaXA.XWorksXbyXbindingXtoXionXchannelsXformedXbyXtheXmembr
aneXproteinXofXviralXenvelope.XHighXpKAXsoXnoXabsorptionXinXstomach.XCNSXsideXeffectsXlikeXdizziness
.



Acyclovir,XValacyclovir,XFamciclovirX-
XANSWERXantiviralsXforXHSVXandXVZV.XBlockXanXenzymeXthatXisXessentialXinXproductionXofXnewXviruse
sXsoXvirusXcannotXreproduceXandXreplicate.XSEXincludeXheadachXandXnausea.



AntiviralsX-XANSWERXShouldXbeXtakensXASAPXforXeffectX(withinX48-
72XhrsXofXONSETXofXsymptoms).XForXshinglesXorXzoster,XwhenXyouXnoticeXtheXrash,XcomeXin.XForXinflu
enza,XearlyXsignsXofXflu,XcomeXinX(soreXthroat,XrunnyXnoseXQUICKXONSET).

,AmphotericinXBX-
XANSWERXPolyeneXantifungalXforXLIFEXTHREATENINGXfungalXinfections.XUsuallyXhaveXbeenXonXchemoX
orXpoorXimmuneXsystems.XDisruptsXtheXintegrityXofXfungalXcellXmembrane.



NystatinX-
XANSWERXPolyeneXantifungalXworksXbyXdisruptingXtheXintegrityXofXtheXfungalXcellXmembraneXbutXonl
yXworksXforXCANDIDAX(unlikeXammphotericinXb).Xskin,Xvaginal,Xoral/thrush.



itraconazole,Xfluconazole,Xposaconazole,XvoriconazoleX-
XANSWERXtriazoleXantifungals.XinhibitXcriticalXenzymeXthatXcausesXaXbuildupXofXtoxicXsubstanceXandXl
eadsXtoXincreasedXfungalXmembraneXpermeabilityX(cellXleaksXout).XCYPX450Xsystem.XlotsXofXdrugXinter
actions.XSEXincludeXn/v.



OtherX-azolesX(clotrimazole,Xketoconazole,XandXmiconazole)X-
XANSWERXimidazoleXantifungalsXareXlikeXtheXtraizoleXantifungalsXbutXareXindicatedXspecificallyXforXvul
vovaginal,Xoropharyngeal,XandXtineaXcandidiasXinfections.XinhibitXcriticalXenzymeXthatXcausesXaXbuildu
pXofXtoxicXsubstanceXandXleadsXtoXincreasedXfungalXmembraneXpermeabilityX(cellXleaksXout).XCYPX450
Xsystem.XlotsXofXdrugXinteractions.XSEXincludeXn/v.




allylaminesX(lamisil)X-
XANSWERXORALXantifungalXforXonchomycosis.XworksXlikeXtheXazoleXantifungalsXbutXhighlyXactiveXagai
nstXdermatophytesXsoXgoodXforXtoenailsXandXfingernailsXthatXareXinfected.XdoesXnotXworkXwellXagains
tXcandida.XLIVER/GIXissuesXbecauseXtakeXforX12Xweeeks.



Pen-LacX-XANSWERXTopicalXantifungalXindicatedXforXonychomycosis.



griseofulvinX-
XANSWERXantifungalXusedXforXtineaXinfections.XworksXwellXforXtineaXcapitisXandXworksXinXchildren.Xin
hibitsXmitosisXofXtheXfungalXelement.XliquidXform.XifXtakenXwithXsodaXcanXabsorbXbetter.



tolnaftateX(tinactin)X-XANSWERXtopicalXantifungalXusedXforXtineaXinfections.XtineaXcrurisXorXjockXitch.

, ethambutolX-
XANSWERXantitubercularXdrug.XinhibitsXsynthesisXofXmycolicXacidsX(importantXforXmycobacterialXwall).
XrapidlyXabsorbedXorally.XNOTXmonotherapy.XSEXisXopticXneuritis.




IsonazidX(INH)X-
XANSWERXantitubercularXdrug.XwellXabsorbed,XpenetratesXCNS.Xpotent.XperipheralXneuritisXandXhepati
tisXareXsideXeffects.



PyrazinamideX(PZA)X-
XANSWERXantitubercularXdrug.XwidelyXdistributedXthroughoutXallXbodyXtissues.XbacteriostaticXorXbacte
ricidalXdependingXonXdose.XhepaticXtoxicityXsideXeffect.



RifabutinX-
XANSWERXRifamycin.XantitubercularXdrug.XsemisyntheticXderivativeXofXtheXrifamycins.XwidelyXdistribut
ed.XinhibitsXDNA-dependentXRNAXpolymerase.X(inhibitsXproteinXsynthesis).



RifampinX-XANSWERXRifamycin.XantitubercularXdrug.XItXinhibitsXDNA-
dependentXRNAXpolymerase.X(inhibitsXproteinXsynthesis).XHighlyXproteinXboundXsoXlotsXofXpotentialXin
teractionsXwithXotherXmedications.XSideXeffectXincludesXn/v,Xred-
orangeXdiscolorationXofXurine,Xtears,Xsweat.XLotsXofXresistanceXissuesXBACTERICIDAL.



VancomycinX-
XANSWERXLypoglycopeptide:XtargetsXcellXwall.XBactericidalXandXactiveXagainstXgramXnegativeXbacteria.
XLARGEXhydrophilicXmoleculeXusuallyXgivenXIVX(cannotXpassXacrossXGIXcellXmembrane).XIsXgivenXPOXfo
rXcdiffXinfectionsXtoXactXtopicallyXinXtheXgut.



ErythromycinX(multipleXforms),XAzithromycin,XClarithromycinX-
XANSWERXMacrolides.XTargetXProteinXproduction.XBindXtoXbacterialXribosomeXtoXpreventXproteinXpro
duction.XBacterialXresistanceXisXanXissueXbecauseXofXoveruseXofXzithromaxXandXitsXconvenientXdoxingX
z-pakX(takeXforX5XdaysXandXlastsXforX10Xdays).



Tetracycline,Xdoxycycline,XminocyclineX-
XANSWERXTetracyclines.XTargetXProteinXProduction.XBACTERIOSTATIC.XenterXbacterialXcellsXbyXpassive