PATHO-NSG-120 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECTLY SOLVED ANSWERS.
1) The nurse is caring for a client with the following ABG's of pH of 7.49, PC02 45 and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
HCO3 30. The nurse interprets this as which of the following? -- Correct Answer
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
✔✔ Metabolic alkalosis
t t
2) The nurse is performing a skin assessment and notes a red area on the client coccyx
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
that does not blanch but has no broken skin the nurse correctly documents this as
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
which of the following? -- Correct Answer ✔✔ Decubitus pressure ulcer
t t t t t t t t t t
3) Which of the following describes:
t t t t t
carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase lowering pH and stimulating the
t t t t t t t t t t t t
respiratory center resulting in increased rate and depth of respirations and
t t t t t t t t t t t
hyperventilation? -- Correct Answer ✔✔ Hypercapnia t t t t t
4) Which of the following would be considered an autoimmune disease? -- Correct
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Answer ✔✔ Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
t t t t
Pernicious anemia t
AIDs
5) The nurse is caring for a client with longstanding Type 2 diabetes which of the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
following is a potential long-term complication of the disease? -- Correct Answer ✔✔
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Diabetic Retinopathy t
6) Which of the following are the cardinal signs of congestive heart failure? -- Correct
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Answer ✔✔ · Exercise intolerance and Dysrhythmias
t t t t t t
7) The nurse has a client with heart failure the client would like the nurse to explain
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
what the diagnosis means. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? -
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
, - Correct Answer ✔✔ The heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
metabolic needs of the body t t t t
8) Hashimoto's thyroiditis -- Correct Answer ✔✔ a chronic disease of the immune t t t t t t t t t t t t
system that attacks the thyroid gland resulting in a hypothyroid function
t t t t t t t t t t
9) Graves' Disease -- Correct Answer ✔✔ alright autoimmune hyperfunction of the
t t t t t t t t t t t
thyroid with or without bulging eyest t t t t
10) Cretinism -- Correct Answer ✔✔ hypothyroid condition in which the thyroid gland is
t t t t t t t t t t t t
tabsent or thyroid hormone is not synthesized by the thyroid gland which causes
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
mental and growth retardation in the infant or young child a sudden exacerbation of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
symptoms may signal thyrotoxicosis or thyroid storm due to an exaggerated thyroid
t t t t t t t t t t t t
hormone level which could be life-threatening t t t t t
11) Thyrotoxicosis( Thyroid Storm) -- Correct Answer ✔✔ hyperfunction of the thyroid t t t t t t t t t t t
and the clinical manifestation of excess thyroid hormone action at the tissue level due
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
to an inappropriately high circulating thyroid hormone concentration.
t t t t t t t
12) A client with obstructive pulmonary disease COPD presents to the emergency room
t t t t t t t t t t t t
with difficulty breathing. The physical examination reveals bluish skin nailbeds and
t t t t t t t t t t t
mucous membranes. Which term correctly describes this condition? -- Correct
t t t t t t t t t t
Answer ✔✔ Cyanosis t t
13) The nurse is assessing a client and notes wheezing and a cough. The client uses
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
accessory muscles during breathing. The primary health care provider provides
t t t t t t t t t t
bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the form of inhalers. The nurse should t t t t t t t t t t t
recognize that a client is most likely experiencing which of the following? -- Correct
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Answer ✔✔ Asthma t t
14) The nurse is reading a client's history and notes that the client has a history of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
leukopenia the nurse interprets this to mean that the client has which of the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
following? -- Correct Answer ✔✔ Decreased leukocytes t t t t t t
WITH 100% CORRECTLY SOLVED ANSWERS.
1) The nurse is caring for a client with the following ABG's of pH of 7.49, PC02 45 and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
HCO3 30. The nurse interprets this as which of the following? -- Correct Answer
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
✔✔ Metabolic alkalosis
t t
2) The nurse is performing a skin assessment and notes a red area on the client coccyx
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
that does not blanch but has no broken skin the nurse correctly documents this as
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
which of the following? -- Correct Answer ✔✔ Decubitus pressure ulcer
t t t t t t t t t t
3) Which of the following describes:
t t t t t
carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase lowering pH and stimulating the
t t t t t t t t t t t t
respiratory center resulting in increased rate and depth of respirations and
t t t t t t t t t t t
hyperventilation? -- Correct Answer ✔✔ Hypercapnia t t t t t
4) Which of the following would be considered an autoimmune disease? -- Correct
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Answer ✔✔ Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
t t t t
Pernicious anemia t
AIDs
5) The nurse is caring for a client with longstanding Type 2 diabetes which of the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
following is a potential long-term complication of the disease? -- Correct Answer ✔✔
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Diabetic Retinopathy t
6) Which of the following are the cardinal signs of congestive heart failure? -- Correct
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Answer ✔✔ · Exercise intolerance and Dysrhythmias
t t t t t t
7) The nurse has a client with heart failure the client would like the nurse to explain
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
what the diagnosis means. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? -
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
, - Correct Answer ✔✔ The heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
metabolic needs of the body t t t t
8) Hashimoto's thyroiditis -- Correct Answer ✔✔ a chronic disease of the immune t t t t t t t t t t t t
system that attacks the thyroid gland resulting in a hypothyroid function
t t t t t t t t t t
9) Graves' Disease -- Correct Answer ✔✔ alright autoimmune hyperfunction of the
t t t t t t t t t t t
thyroid with or without bulging eyest t t t t
10) Cretinism -- Correct Answer ✔✔ hypothyroid condition in which the thyroid gland is
t t t t t t t t t t t t
tabsent or thyroid hormone is not synthesized by the thyroid gland which causes
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
mental and growth retardation in the infant or young child a sudden exacerbation of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
symptoms may signal thyrotoxicosis or thyroid storm due to an exaggerated thyroid
t t t t t t t t t t t t
hormone level which could be life-threatening t t t t t
11) Thyrotoxicosis( Thyroid Storm) -- Correct Answer ✔✔ hyperfunction of the thyroid t t t t t t t t t t t
and the clinical manifestation of excess thyroid hormone action at the tissue level due
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
to an inappropriately high circulating thyroid hormone concentration.
t t t t t t t
12) A client with obstructive pulmonary disease COPD presents to the emergency room
t t t t t t t t t t t t
with difficulty breathing. The physical examination reveals bluish skin nailbeds and
t t t t t t t t t t t
mucous membranes. Which term correctly describes this condition? -- Correct
t t t t t t t t t t
Answer ✔✔ Cyanosis t t
13) The nurse is assessing a client and notes wheezing and a cough. The client uses
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
accessory muscles during breathing. The primary health care provider provides
t t t t t t t t t t
bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the form of inhalers. The nurse should t t t t t t t t t t t
recognize that a client is most likely experiencing which of the following? -- Correct
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Answer ✔✔ Asthma t t
14) The nurse is reading a client's history and notes that the client has a history of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
leukopenia the nurse interprets this to mean that the client has which of the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
following? -- Correct Answer ✔✔ Decreased leukocytes t t t t t t
