BIO 353 cell bio exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
The break down of glucose into pyruvate releases less than 25% of the total energy
present in glucose. The remaining energy is stored in the resulting (2) pyruvate
molecules.
In the presence of oxygen, acting as an electron acceptor, complete substrate oxidation
is possible.
______ is defined as "the oxidation driven flow of electrons, through or within a
membrane, from reduced coenzymes to an electron acceptor, usually accompanied by
the generation of ATP."
The reduced cofactors crucial to electron transport are NADH and FADH2. -
✔✔Respiration
Respiration has 4 stages
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,______
Splits glucose into pyruvate, generates 2 and 2 NADH in the cytosol.
The TCA cycle (Citric Acid Cycle or Crebs cycle)
Oxidizes pyruvate to _____ in the mitochondrial matrix.
Completely oxidizes acetyl CoA to ____.
Conserves energy as reduced coenzyme molecules NADH, FADH2 (which have high
energy electrons)
Electron transport
____ and ____ donate and transfer electrons through a series of carriers to O^2 ,
releasing energy in each transfer step.
The energy is used to actively transport or "pump" protons across a membrane to
generate an ______ ____ gradient.
ATP synthesis
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,Uses the proton gradient as energy to drive ATP synthesis by ATP synthetase. -
✔✔Glycolysis
acetyl CoA
NADH
FADH2
electrochemical
proton
The Citric Acid or Tricarboxylic Acid or Krebs Cycle
The cycle takes place in the _____ matrix. Pyruvates need to be actively transported
(pumped) from the cytosol through mitochondrial inner membrane
_____ then undergoes oxidative ______ to form acetyl-CoA. ___ NADH is also
produced.
The acetate group carried by CoA enters the cycle by being transferred to a 4-carbon
dicarboxylic acid called ______ to make ____ ____ - a six-carbon tricarboxylic acid
(TCA) (step 1).
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, •Citrate is then isomerized to isocitrate by the aconitase enzyme (step 2).
•Steps 3 and 4 successive ___ ____ reactions follow. Each of which produces ____
reduced coenzyme ____ and releases one CO2, yielding a 4-carbon product bound to
CoA (succinyl-Co-A). - ✔✔mitochondrial
Pyruvate
oxidative
decarboxylation
One
oxaloacetate
citric acid
oxidative decarboxylation
one
NADH
The Citric Acid Cycle
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
Answers 100% Pass
The break down of glucose into pyruvate releases less than 25% of the total energy
present in glucose. The remaining energy is stored in the resulting (2) pyruvate
molecules.
In the presence of oxygen, acting as an electron acceptor, complete substrate oxidation
is possible.
______ is defined as "the oxidation driven flow of electrons, through or within a
membrane, from reduced coenzymes to an electron acceptor, usually accompanied by
the generation of ATP."
The reduced cofactors crucial to electron transport are NADH and FADH2. -
✔✔Respiration
Respiration has 4 stages
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,______
Splits glucose into pyruvate, generates 2 and 2 NADH in the cytosol.
The TCA cycle (Citric Acid Cycle or Crebs cycle)
Oxidizes pyruvate to _____ in the mitochondrial matrix.
Completely oxidizes acetyl CoA to ____.
Conserves energy as reduced coenzyme molecules NADH, FADH2 (which have high
energy electrons)
Electron transport
____ and ____ donate and transfer electrons through a series of carriers to O^2 ,
releasing energy in each transfer step.
The energy is used to actively transport or "pump" protons across a membrane to
generate an ______ ____ gradient.
ATP synthesis
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,Uses the proton gradient as energy to drive ATP synthesis by ATP synthetase. -
✔✔Glycolysis
acetyl CoA
NADH
FADH2
electrochemical
proton
The Citric Acid or Tricarboxylic Acid or Krebs Cycle
The cycle takes place in the _____ matrix. Pyruvates need to be actively transported
(pumped) from the cytosol through mitochondrial inner membrane
_____ then undergoes oxidative ______ to form acetyl-CoA. ___ NADH is also
produced.
The acetate group carried by CoA enters the cycle by being transferred to a 4-carbon
dicarboxylic acid called ______ to make ____ ____ - a six-carbon tricarboxylic acid
(TCA) (step 1).
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, •Citrate is then isomerized to isocitrate by the aconitase enzyme (step 2).
•Steps 3 and 4 successive ___ ____ reactions follow. Each of which produces ____
reduced coenzyme ____ and releases one CO2, yielding a 4-carbon product bound to
CoA (succinyl-Co-A). - ✔✔mitochondrial
Pyruvate
oxidative
decarboxylation
One
oxaloacetate
citric acid
oxidative decarboxylation
one
NADH
The Citric Acid Cycle
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
