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PYC2603 Exam Answers May/Jun2015, Oct/Nov 2015, May/Jun 2016,
Oct/Nov 2016
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Adulthood and Maturity
PYC2603 1
EXAM PREPARATION
This document is a compilation of past UNISA exam questions and answers
Answers are motivated by a combination of:
Page references to the prescribed book: Adult Development and Ageing (Dap Louw &
Anet Louw)
Short summaries on the topic(s) in question (where applicable)
Past exams covered are:
May-Jun 2015
Oct-Nov 2015
May-Jun 2016
Oct-Nov 2016
Please note: This document is an additional tool for exam preparation. The Stuvia-user that
compiled and uploaded this document takes no responsibility for incorrect answers. Students
must ensure that they learn the prescribed material and understand the content
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
May/June 2015
QUESTION 1
The degree in which a person's role in society meets the expectations and perceptions of that
society is referred to as his/her___, the physical condition of a person, as compared to his/her
peer group is referred to as the person's ___, a person's cultural age can
be regarded as the same as his/her ____, and the total ability of an individual to function
effectively in his/her environment refers to his/her___
(1) social age, biological age, social age, functional age
(2) functional age, biological age, Social age, Social age
(3) primary age, secondary age, tertiary age, overall age secondary age
(4) secondary age, primary age, secondary age, tertiary age
Answer: The correct option is (1) (Prescribed Book p6)
Definitions of age (of a person)
Chronological age – the number of years since birth.
Psychological age – the ability to adjust to the environment and cope with associated
challenges.
Social age – the degree in which the role in society meets expectations and perceptions
of the society.
Cultural age – synonym for social age (when social age has to meet culturally
determined criteria)
Biological age – physical condition in relation to peers.
Functional age – total ability to function (psychological + social + biological)
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Adulthood and Maturity
QUESTION 2
An 80 year old man states that he does not want to go to an old age home as it is "a place just 2
for old people'. This is an example of the man's
(1) social age
(2) personal age
(3) ageless self
(4) selfless age
Answer: The correct option is (2) (Prescribed Book p7)
Definitions of age (of the self)
Personal age – how one perceives and experiences one’s age.
Ageless self – the experience that the self (core of personality) remains the same
regardless of age viarants.
QUESTION 3
Generally speaking, men tend to feel more anxious about growing older and tend to often
experience themselves more as 'old' than is the case with women. This statement is
(1) true because of the more rapid physical deterioration of men
(2) the result of cultural expectations
(3) untrue
(4) partly true and partly untrue because of Individual differences In physical ageing
Answer: The correct option is (3) (Prescribed Book p7)
Most societies place bigger emphasis on the physical appearance and reproductive abilities
than on that of men. Therefore women feel more anxious about growing older.
QUESTION 4
The forces that play a role in the life-span development of humans are the ____ forces
(1) biological, psychological, normative and historical
(2) life-cycle, normative, psychological and biological
(3) biological, psychological, socio-cultural and life-cycle
(4) social-cultural, historical, psychological and life-cycle
Answer: The correct option is (3) (Prescribed Book p18)
QUESTION 5
Which of the following principles reflect the assumption of the life-span developmental
perspective?
a) Development is multidimensional but unidirectional
b) Development is a combination of gains and losses
c) Development is inflexible
d) Development is multidisciplinary
The correct answer is·
(1) (a) & (c)
(2) (b) & (d)
(3) (b), (c) & (d)
(4) All of the above
Answer: The correct option is (2) (Prescribed Book p16,17)
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Adulthood and Maturity
Key principles providing a framework from which to study adult development:
Development is a lifelong process 3
Development is multidimensional and multidirectional
Development is a combination of gains and losses
Development shows plasticity
Development is embedded in history and context
Development occurs in context
Development is multidisciplinary
Therefore, a) and c) is incorrect
QUESTION 6
The activity-passivity issue in human development refers to ___ and the universality-context
specific issue refers to___.
(1) the question whether people change or remain the same over time, the view that people are
actively involved In their development
(2) the assumption that people are passive recipients of biological or environmental effects as
well as the assumption that people create their own environments in which they function
effectively, the perspective that all people reflect the same basic developmental processes
as well as the perspective that each environment has its own set of unique procedures that
shapes development
(3) the view that people are the active products of their environment, qualitative differences In
humans due to contextual influences
(4) the relative contribution of genetics and the environment to human development, the
question whether development occurs quantitatively or qualitatively
Answer: The correct option is (2) (Prescribed Book p22)
Issues in development
Nature-nurture – the interaction between biological and environmental influences.
Stability-change – whether people change or remain the same over time.
Continuity-discontinuity – whether development occurs gradually and continuously or
abruptly and discontinuously.
Activity-passivity – are humans actively involved in their developments or passive
recipients of biological and environmental effects.
Universality-context specific – the extent to which development id universal or different
from one to another.
Mechanistic-organismic-interactionist – whether development is mechanistic (the human
reacts passively to biological forces) or interactionist (the human actively participates in
development with reciprocal relations with the environment)
QUESTION 7
The nature-nurture issue in development refers to
(1) the question whether the environment contribute the most to development
(2) the question whether genetics contribute the most to development
(3) the relative contribution of genetics and the environment to development
(4) behaviour genetics
Answer: The correct option is (3) (Prescribed Book p20)
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