PORTAGE LEARNING PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 8
EXAM Qns & Ans LATEST 2025
What is pain?
A basic protective mechanism of the body
What does the sensation of pain do?
It serves as a warning of imminent danger (fire) or that there is something wrong in the
body (cancer).
What are analgesics?
Medications that relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness.
What is acute pain?
Sudden in onset and pain usually subsides when treated
How long does acute pain last?
6 weeks or less in duration
What is chronic pain?
Persistent or recurring pain that's often difficult to treat.
How long does chronic pain last?
3–6 months or longer than 1 month after healing of an acute injury
What is neuropathic pain?
,Pain resulting from a damaged nervous system or damaged nerve cells
What is an example of neuropathic pain?
Diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage associated with diabetes)
What is tolerance?
When the effectiveness of a drug is significantly reduced following its prolonged use.
What is an example of tolerance?
When the body adapts and more of the drug is required to receive the same result.
What is physical dependence?
A need to continue taking a drug to avoid the unwanted side-effects of its absence
What is addiction?
Chronic neurobiological disease in which genetic, psychosocial, and environmental
factors cause changes in the individuals behavior to compulsively use drugs despite the
harm they may cause.
Most analgesics can be classified as either..
Opioids OR Non-opioids
What are opioids?
Synthetic drugs that bind to the opiate receptor in the brain and relieve pain. They are
STRONG painkillers that can alleviate pain of any origin.
,What are opioids used for?
Moderate to severe pain
True or False: Opioids are NOT effective with neuropathic pain.
True
True or False: Opioids are very receptive, but also very addicting
True
What are non-opioids?
painkillers that do not work on opioid receptors
What is a primary example of non-opioids?
Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Medications (NSAIDs)
What activity do NSAIDs possess?
Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity
What does neuropathic pain NOT respond to because of its unique origin?
Opioids and NSAIDs
True or False: Neuropathic pain is easy to treat.
FALSE; neuropathic pain is difficult to treat
What are two main classes that have shown effectiveness for neuropathic pain?
, Anti-seizure (anti-epileptic) and Antidepressant medications
What is firbomyalgia?
A disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue,
sleep, memory, and mood issues.
What is the most common neuropathic pain disorder?
Fibromyalgia
What is the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia?
It's not understood. However, it's believed to amplify painful sensations by affecting the
way your brain processes pain signals.
What are opioids often referred to?
Narcotics; A class of very strong pain relievers originating from the opium poppy plant
What are three different chemical classes of opioids?
Morphine-like drugs, Meperidine-like drugs, and Methadone-like drugs
Why is it important to know the three different chemical classes of opioids?
Its important for a patient who has had an adverse reaction to one type of opioid
What is the chemical category of Morphine-like drugs?
Phenanthrenes
What are some drug examples of Morphine-like drugs?
EXAM Qns & Ans LATEST 2025
What is pain?
A basic protective mechanism of the body
What does the sensation of pain do?
It serves as a warning of imminent danger (fire) or that there is something wrong in the
body (cancer).
What are analgesics?
Medications that relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness.
What is acute pain?
Sudden in onset and pain usually subsides when treated
How long does acute pain last?
6 weeks or less in duration
What is chronic pain?
Persistent or recurring pain that's often difficult to treat.
How long does chronic pain last?
3–6 months or longer than 1 month after healing of an acute injury
What is neuropathic pain?
,Pain resulting from a damaged nervous system or damaged nerve cells
What is an example of neuropathic pain?
Diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage associated with diabetes)
What is tolerance?
When the effectiveness of a drug is significantly reduced following its prolonged use.
What is an example of tolerance?
When the body adapts and more of the drug is required to receive the same result.
What is physical dependence?
A need to continue taking a drug to avoid the unwanted side-effects of its absence
What is addiction?
Chronic neurobiological disease in which genetic, psychosocial, and environmental
factors cause changes in the individuals behavior to compulsively use drugs despite the
harm they may cause.
Most analgesics can be classified as either..
Opioids OR Non-opioids
What are opioids?
Synthetic drugs that bind to the opiate receptor in the brain and relieve pain. They are
STRONG painkillers that can alleviate pain of any origin.
,What are opioids used for?
Moderate to severe pain
True or False: Opioids are NOT effective with neuropathic pain.
True
True or False: Opioids are very receptive, but also very addicting
True
What are non-opioids?
painkillers that do not work on opioid receptors
What is a primary example of non-opioids?
Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Medications (NSAIDs)
What activity do NSAIDs possess?
Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity
What does neuropathic pain NOT respond to because of its unique origin?
Opioids and NSAIDs
True or False: Neuropathic pain is easy to treat.
FALSE; neuropathic pain is difficult to treat
What are two main classes that have shown effectiveness for neuropathic pain?
, Anti-seizure (anti-epileptic) and Antidepressant medications
What is firbomyalgia?
A disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue,
sleep, memory, and mood issues.
What is the most common neuropathic pain disorder?
Fibromyalgia
What is the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia?
It's not understood. However, it's believed to amplify painful sensations by affecting the
way your brain processes pain signals.
What are opioids often referred to?
Narcotics; A class of very strong pain relievers originating from the opium poppy plant
What are three different chemical classes of opioids?
Morphine-like drugs, Meperidine-like drugs, and Methadone-like drugs
Why is it important to know the three different chemical classes of opioids?
Its important for a patient who has had an adverse reaction to one type of opioid
What is the chemical category of Morphine-like drugs?
Phenanthrenes
What are some drug examples of Morphine-like drugs?
