STUDYGUIDE b
DavisAdvantageforUnderstanding
b b b
Medical-SurgicalNursing7thEdition
b b b b
ByHopper,Williams,AllChapter's1-57
b b b b b b b
1
,(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
b b b b b b b b b b
Answers
CHAPTER 1 CRITICAL b b
to collect appropriate data, identify a patient problem, a
b b b b b b b b
nd determine the best possible plan of action. Clinical ju
THINKING,
b b b b b b b b b b
b
dgment is based on good critical thinking.
b b b b b b b
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE b b
Cue
O
NURSING PROCESSb b
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data arecues b b b b b b b b b
(relevant), but all cues are data.
b b b b b b
AUDIO CASE STUDY b b
Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment
b b b
Definition: Working together with the health team toimprove b b b b b b b b
patient outcomes.
b b
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize hypotheses; generate sol b b b b b b b
utions; take action; evaluate outcomes; repeat.
b b b b b b
Intervention
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled in too
b b b b b b b b b b
Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan. b b b b b b b
manydirections. She wasalsocryinginhercarand had poor
b b b b b b b b b b b b
study habits and not enough sleep.
b b b b b b
Evaluation
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time from b b b b b b b b
Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected with a b b b b b b b
work, and wasted time between classes that she could b
b b b b b b b b b b
ctual outcomes. Did the plan work? Were expected o
b b b b b b b b b
etter utilize. Your resources will be different, but theye
b b b b b b b b b b
utcomes met?
b b
xist!b
Vigilance
4. Critical thinking— b
Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful. b b b b b b b b
the why: Jane uses critical thinking to determine why her
b b b b b b b b b
current plan isn’t working. She thinks honestly about h er
b b b b b b b b b b
CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT b b b b
poor study habits, her time-
b b b b b
management problems, and the impact this is having on her b b b b b b b b b
Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a similarfo
b b b b b b b b b
and her family.
b b b
rmat. Both follow steps from collecting data to determin-
b b b b b b b b b
Clinical judgment— b
ing problems and outcomes, developing and taking actions,
b b b b b b b
the do: Jane uses her thinking todevelop and carry out a plan
b b b b b b b b b b b b
and evaluating outcomes. However, critical thinking helps you
b b b b b b b b b
that uses her resources and provides more productivestudy
b b b b b b b b b
think about the problem: What is it? Why is it happen- ing?
b b b b b b b b b b b b
time and more quality time with her kids.
b b b b b b b b
And clinical judgment leads you to dosomething to manage
b b b b b b b b b b b
bthe problem. b
VOCABULARY
CUE RECOGNITION b
SamplesentenceswillvaryOfortheVocabularyproblems.
b b b b b b
You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRSTthing is l isted
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Nursing process b
below.
b
Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking with b b b b b b b
nursing actions. Steps include assessment/data collection,
b b b b b b
1. Sit the patient upright. b b b
nursingdiagnosis,planning,implementation,andevaluatio n.
b b b b b b b
2. Call 911 while running across the street. b b b b b b
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow under the b b b b b b b b b b b
Critical thinking b
calves and allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or b b b b b b b b
pillow. b
strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outc
b b b b b b b b b
4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready. b b b b b b b b
ome. Also involves reflection, problem-
b b b b b
5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration. b b b b b b b b
solving, and related thinking skills. b b b b
Clinical judgment b
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and dec b b b b b b b b
ision making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
b b b b b b b b
,2 Chapter 1 b Answers
CRITICAL THINKING b
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
b b b b b b b b b b
Could it be low b b b b b
b
b b
b
Patient's
b
b
Headache
b Motheri b
1– b b b
s
b b
b
b b
2 hours b
REVIEW QUESTIONS b
taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the
b b b b b b b b b b
nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing pr
TheOcorrect answers are in boldface.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
b b b b
ocess, for which the registered nurse is responsible; the
b b b b b b b b b
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the
b b b b b b b b b
LPN/LVN may assist the registered nurse with these. Ni
b b b b b b b b b
patient. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the best answ er.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
troglycerin should not be administered withoutfirst knowing
b b b b b b b b b
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not knowin g
b b b b b b b b b b b
bthe patient’s blood pressure. b b b
something is exhibiting intellectual humility. (1) shows
b b b b b b b
7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about freedom
b b b b b b b b
expertise but not necessarily intellectual humility;
b b b b b b
from injury and harm. (1) relates to basic needs such as air,
b b b b b b b b b b b b
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; b b b b b
oxygen, and water. (3) relates to feeling loved. (4) i srelated
b b b b b b b b b b b b
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not evidence of b b b b b b b b
to having positive self-esteem.
b b b b
humility.
b
8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
b b b b b b b b b b
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order.
b b b b b b b b
9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
b b b b b b b b b
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define critic
b b b b b b b b b b b
10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2, 4
b b b b b b b b b b
althinking but are examples of good thinking.
b b b b b b b b
)are all positive but do not show intent to take action.
b b b b b b b b b b b
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are ac
b b b b b b b b
11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2) are
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hieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role of theph
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data; (3) is a recommendation.
b b b b b
ysician. (1, 3) encompass data collection and imple-
b b b b b b b b 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data provide
b b b b b b b b b b
mentation, which are earlier steps in the nursing process.
b b b b b b b b b
s only hip replacement as the patient’s problem, (5) th
b b b b b b b b b b
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed voca-
b b b b b b b
edietitian is not necessary.
b b b b b
tional nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which includes
b b b b b b b b
1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 b
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
b
1. proof
2. context
AUDIO CASE STUDY b b
3. quality
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice
b b b
5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke thatl b b b b b b b b b
6. outcomes
inger on hair, clothing, furniture, and other surfaces inan
b b b b b b b b b b b 7. gold
area after a cigarette is put out. Marie learned that e
b b b b b b b b b b b
8. nursing
xposure to these toxins can be neurotoxic to children a nd
b b b b b b b b b b b
9. patient’s
can trigger asthma attacks in sensitive people.
b b b b b b b
10. information
2. Evidence-
based practice is considered the gold standardof health care.
b b b b b b b b b b
CLINICAL JUDGMENT b
3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search and
b b b b b b b b b
collect the most relevant and best evidence available.S
b b b b b b b b b
1. By questioning the existing way of doing things to en
b b b b b b b b b
tep 3: Think critically. Appraise the evidence for validity,
b b b b b b b b b b
bsure that the patient receives the best care possible
b b b b b b b b
relevance to the situation, and applicability.
b b b b b b
2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance ofthe
b b b b b b b b b b
Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after institutingthe
b b b b b b b b b b
bmedical librarian, in the area of their burning ques- tion b b b b b b b b b
change. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6: Evaluate the
b b b b b b b b b b
bregarding music reducing preoperative anxiety. b b b b
practice decision or change.
b b b b
3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature b b b b b b b b
4. Combination therapy with a nicotine patch and nicotine lo b b b b b b b b
b(CINAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Instituteevidence- b b b b b
zenges worked best, although bupropion (Zyban) or vareni
b b b b b b b b
bbased resources, Cochrane Reviews, Medline/PubMed
b b b b b
cline (Chantix) and nicotine lozenges worked well,too. A
b b b b b b b b b
4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the evidence b b b b b b
Cochrane Review found that advice and support from nurs
b b b b b b b b b
-
ing staff can increase patients’ success in quit-
b b b b b b b b
based change in practice so comparisons can be made aft er
b b b b b b b b b b
ting smoking, especially in a hospital setting.
b b b b b b
bimplementation to determine if the inter- b b b b b
vention worked b
VOCABULARY 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the change b b b b b b b
bmade a significant difference and if it was valuable int
b b b b b b b b b b
SampleOsentences will varyOfor the Vocabulary problems.
erms of cost and time
b b b b b
b b b b b
1. Evidence-
based practice: A systematic process that uses current evid
b b b b b b b b
REVIEW QUESTIONS b
ence in making decisions about patient care.
b b b b b b b
Thecorrectanswers areinboldface.
b b b b b
2. Evidence-
informed practice: Consideration of patient factors along w b b b b b b b
1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of why some-
b b b b b b b b
ith the use of evidence for shared decision making between the
b b b b b b b b b b b
bthing is done promotes the understanding for why it is
b b b b b b b b b
bhealth-care provider and the patient. b b b b
bimportant to be done and therefore will more likely b e b b b b b b b b b b
3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental studies in b b b b b b
bdone. (1, 2, 4) only communicate the need to perfor m
b b b b b b b b b b
which as many factors as possible that could falsely chan ge
b b b b b b b b b b b
batask. They do not provide rationale for the task to pro-
b b b b b b b b b b b
bthe results are controlled.
b b b
bmote understanding of the importance of the task.
b b b b b b b
4. Research: Scientific study, investigation, or experimenta- b b b b b
2. (3) is correct. Evidence-
b b b
tion to establish facts and analyze their significance.
b b b b b b b b
basednursingcarethathasbeenevaluatedasappropriatef or an
b b b b b b b b b b b
5. Systematic review: A review of relevant research using g b b b b b b b b
bagency provides the best and safest patient care. (1) Opinions
b b b b b b b b b
uidelines.
b
b may not be based on b b b b
DavisAdvantageforUnderstanding
b b b
Medical-SurgicalNursing7thEdition
b b b b
ByHopper,Williams,AllChapter's1-57
b b b b b b b
1
,(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
b b b b b b b b b b
Answers
CHAPTER 1 CRITICAL b b
to collect appropriate data, identify a patient problem, a
b b b b b b b b
nd determine the best possible plan of action. Clinical ju
THINKING,
b b b b b b b b b b
b
dgment is based on good critical thinking.
b b b b b b b
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE b b
Cue
O
NURSING PROCESSb b
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data arecues b b b b b b b b b
(relevant), but all cues are data.
b b b b b b
AUDIO CASE STUDY b b
Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment
b b b
Definition: Working together with the health team toimprove b b b b b b b b
patient outcomes.
b b
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize hypotheses; generate sol b b b b b b b
utions; take action; evaluate outcomes; repeat.
b b b b b b
Intervention
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled in too
b b b b b b b b b b
Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan. b b b b b b b
manydirections. She wasalsocryinginhercarand had poor
b b b b b b b b b b b b
study habits and not enough sleep.
b b b b b b
Evaluation
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time from b b b b b b b b
Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected with a b b b b b b b
work, and wasted time between classes that she could b
b b b b b b b b b b
ctual outcomes. Did the plan work? Were expected o
b b b b b b b b b
etter utilize. Your resources will be different, but theye
b b b b b b b b b b
utcomes met?
b b
xist!b
Vigilance
4. Critical thinking— b
Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful. b b b b b b b b
the why: Jane uses critical thinking to determine why her
b b b b b b b b b
current plan isn’t working. She thinks honestly about h er
b b b b b b b b b b
CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT b b b b
poor study habits, her time-
b b b b b
management problems, and the impact this is having on her b b b b b b b b b
Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a similarfo
b b b b b b b b b
and her family.
b b b
rmat. Both follow steps from collecting data to determin-
b b b b b b b b b
Clinical judgment— b
ing problems and outcomes, developing and taking actions,
b b b b b b b
the do: Jane uses her thinking todevelop and carry out a plan
b b b b b b b b b b b b
and evaluating outcomes. However, critical thinking helps you
b b b b b b b b b
that uses her resources and provides more productivestudy
b b b b b b b b b
think about the problem: What is it? Why is it happen- ing?
b b b b b b b b b b b b
time and more quality time with her kids.
b b b b b b b b
And clinical judgment leads you to dosomething to manage
b b b b b b b b b b b
bthe problem. b
VOCABULARY
CUE RECOGNITION b
SamplesentenceswillvaryOfortheVocabularyproblems.
b b b b b b
You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRSTthing is l isted
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Nursing process b
below.
b
Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking with b b b b b b b
nursing actions. Steps include assessment/data collection,
b b b b b b
1. Sit the patient upright. b b b
nursingdiagnosis,planning,implementation,andevaluatio n.
b b b b b b b
2. Call 911 while running across the street. b b b b b b
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow under the b b b b b b b b b b b
Critical thinking b
calves and allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or b b b b b b b b
pillow. b
strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outc
b b b b b b b b b
4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready. b b b b b b b b
ome. Also involves reflection, problem-
b b b b b
5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration. b b b b b b b b
solving, and related thinking skills. b b b b
Clinical judgment b
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and dec b b b b b b b b
ision making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
b b b b b b b b
,2 Chapter 1 b Answers
CRITICAL THINKING b
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
b b b b b b b b b b
Could it be low b b b b b
b
b b
b
Patient's
b
b
Headache
b Motheri b
1– b b b
s
b b
b
b b
2 hours b
REVIEW QUESTIONS b
taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the
b b b b b b b b b b
nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing pr
TheOcorrect answers are in boldface.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
b b b b
ocess, for which the registered nurse is responsible; the
b b b b b b b b b
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the
b b b b b b b b b
LPN/LVN may assist the registered nurse with these. Ni
b b b b b b b b b
patient. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the best answ er.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
troglycerin should not be administered withoutfirst knowing
b b b b b b b b b
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not knowin g
b b b b b b b b b b b
bthe patient’s blood pressure. b b b
something is exhibiting intellectual humility. (1) shows
b b b b b b b
7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about freedom
b b b b b b b b
expertise but not necessarily intellectual humility;
b b b b b b
from injury and harm. (1) relates to basic needs such as air,
b b b b b b b b b b b b
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; b b b b b
oxygen, and water. (3) relates to feeling loved. (4) i srelated
b b b b b b b b b b b b
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not evidence of b b b b b b b b
to having positive self-esteem.
b b b b
humility.
b
8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
b b b b b b b b b b
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order.
b b b b b b b b
9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
b b b b b b b b b
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define critic
b b b b b b b b b b b
10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2, 4
b b b b b b b b b b
althinking but are examples of good thinking.
b b b b b b b b
)are all positive but do not show intent to take action.
b b b b b b b b b b b
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are ac
b b b b b b b b
11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2) are
b b b b b b b b b b
hieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role of theph
b b b b b b b b b b b
data; (3) is a recommendation.
b b b b b
ysician. (1, 3) encompass data collection and imple-
b b b b b b b b 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data provide
b b b b b b b b b b
mentation, which are earlier steps in the nursing process.
b b b b b b b b b
s only hip replacement as the patient’s problem, (5) th
b b b b b b b b b b
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed voca-
b b b b b b b
edietitian is not necessary.
b b b b b
tional nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which includes
b b b b b b b b
1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 b
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
b
1. proof
2. context
AUDIO CASE STUDY b b
3. quality
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice
b b b
5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke thatl b b b b b b b b b
6. outcomes
inger on hair, clothing, furniture, and other surfaces inan
b b b b b b b b b b b 7. gold
area after a cigarette is put out. Marie learned that e
b b b b b b b b b b b
8. nursing
xposure to these toxins can be neurotoxic to children a nd
b b b b b b b b b b b
9. patient’s
can trigger asthma attacks in sensitive people.
b b b b b b b
10. information
2. Evidence-
based practice is considered the gold standardof health care.
b b b b b b b b b b
CLINICAL JUDGMENT b
3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search and
b b b b b b b b b
collect the most relevant and best evidence available.S
b b b b b b b b b
1. By questioning the existing way of doing things to en
b b b b b b b b b
tep 3: Think critically. Appraise the evidence for validity,
b b b b b b b b b b
bsure that the patient receives the best care possible
b b b b b b b b
relevance to the situation, and applicability.
b b b b b b
2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance ofthe
b b b b b b b b b b
Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after institutingthe
b b b b b b b b b b
bmedical librarian, in the area of their burning ques- tion b b b b b b b b b
change. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6: Evaluate the
b b b b b b b b b b
bregarding music reducing preoperative anxiety. b b b b
practice decision or change.
b b b b
3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature b b b b b b b b
4. Combination therapy with a nicotine patch and nicotine lo b b b b b b b b
b(CINAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Instituteevidence- b b b b b
zenges worked best, although bupropion (Zyban) or vareni
b b b b b b b b
bbased resources, Cochrane Reviews, Medline/PubMed
b b b b b
cline (Chantix) and nicotine lozenges worked well,too. A
b b b b b b b b b
4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the evidence b b b b b b
Cochrane Review found that advice and support from nurs
b b b b b b b b b
-
ing staff can increase patients’ success in quit-
b b b b b b b b
based change in practice so comparisons can be made aft er
b b b b b b b b b b
ting smoking, especially in a hospital setting.
b b b b b b
bimplementation to determine if the inter- b b b b b
vention worked b
VOCABULARY 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the change b b b b b b b
bmade a significant difference and if it was valuable int
b b b b b b b b b b
SampleOsentences will varyOfor the Vocabulary problems.
erms of cost and time
b b b b b
b b b b b
1. Evidence-
based practice: A systematic process that uses current evid
b b b b b b b b
REVIEW QUESTIONS b
ence in making decisions about patient care.
b b b b b b b
Thecorrectanswers areinboldface.
b b b b b
2. Evidence-
informed practice: Consideration of patient factors along w b b b b b b b
1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of why some-
b b b b b b b b
ith the use of evidence for shared decision making between the
b b b b b b b b b b b
bthing is done promotes the understanding for why it is
b b b b b b b b b
bhealth-care provider and the patient. b b b b
bimportant to be done and therefore will more likely b e b b b b b b b b b b
3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental studies in b b b b b b
bdone. (1, 2, 4) only communicate the need to perfor m
b b b b b b b b b b
which as many factors as possible that could falsely chan ge
b b b b b b b b b b b
batask. They do not provide rationale for the task to pro-
b b b b b b b b b b b
bthe results are controlled.
b b b
bmote understanding of the importance of the task.
b b b b b b b
4. Research: Scientific study, investigation, or experimenta- b b b b b
2. (3) is correct. Evidence-
b b b
tion to establish facts and analyze their significance.
b b b b b b b b
basednursingcarethathasbeenevaluatedasappropriatef or an
b b b b b b b b b b b
5. Systematic review: A review of relevant research using g b b b b b b b b
bagency provides the best and safest patient care. (1) Opinions
b b b b b b b b b
uidelines.
b
b may not be based on b b b b
