ATI RN PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED ACTUAL EXAM
LATEST 2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A++
Medications used to treat gout -ANSWER Colchicine: decreases
inflammation and pain in acute gout attack. Side effects: GI upset and
thrombocytopenia
"Cool chicken - pecks your toe that has gout"
Probenecid: inhibits uric acid resorption and treats hyperuricemia r/t chronic
gout
Side effects: GI upset and kidney stones "Probenecid will 'benefit' you with
your gout."
Allopurinol: inhibits uric acid resorption and treats hyperuricemia r/t chronic
gout
Side effects: GI upset, rash, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity
"Allolpurinol will get rid of 'all' your uric acid production
Ergot Alkaloids -ANSWER Ergotamine
Used for vascular headaches - migraine and cluster
Vasoconstriction of intercranial blood vessles
Side effects: GI upset, muscle pain, HTN, numbness, tingling
Advise patient to lay down in dark quiet place.
Avoid tyramine rich foods and alcohol
Triptans -ANSWER Sumatripan "-tripan_
Used for acute attacks of vascular headaches. Works by vasoconstriction
of intracranial arteries.
Side effects: warm tingling sensation, dizziness, angina, injection site
discomfort
Advise patient to lay down in dark quiet place.
Avoid tyramine rich foods and alcohol
Lidocaine -ANSWER Local anesthetic that can be used topically or
parenteraly
Topically: decrease pain that involve puncture of skin
Parenteraly: decrease pain in minor surgical procedure, epidurals, or
biopsies
,Blocks conduction of pain impulses within certain radias
Side effects: hypotension, bradycardia, prolonged labor, spinal headaches,
allergic reactions
If using cream: apply one hour before procedure and cover with occlusive
dressing
Insulin: Rapid Acting -ANSWER Lispro or Humalog
Onset: less that 15 minutes
Peak: 30 min - 1 hour
Duration: 3 hours (three letters in log)
Make sure patients food is right in front of them
Insulin: Short acting -ANSWER Regular or Humulin R
Lin is just a regular short person
Onset: 30 mins - 1 hour
Peak: 2-3 hours
Duration: 5-7 hours (7 letters in regular)
Give about thirty minutes prior to meal
Intermediate Acting Insulin -ANSWER NPH Humulin N
NPH Neal Patrick Harris he is of intermediate height and is a hard working
actor. So if you call him, he will come onset in 1-2 hours and will stay for
18-24 hours!
Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: 4-12 hours
Duration: 18-24 hours
Long acting insulin -ANSWER Insulin Glargine or Lantus
Onset: 1 hour
No peak
Duration is 24 hours
Overall notes about insulin -ANSWER We can give insulin to type one or
type two diabetics
Type one: will always get insulin
Type two: can sometimes be managed with oral medications
Side effects: hypoglycemia (tachycardia, diaphoresis, shakiness,
weakness, headache) lipohyperthrophy (if injected into same spot over and
over again.
,Patients dose may need to increase in times of illnesses
For hypoglycemia in a fully conscious patient, give 15 grams of glucose (4
oz of orange juice). If unconscious give IM glucagone
When mixing draw short acting before long acting.
Clear before cloudy.
Inject air into long acting vial, inject air into faster acting insulin, draw up
faster acting insulin, then draw up long acting insulin
Never mix insulin glargine with anything else
For suspension, gently rotate (For NPH)
If short acting looks cloudy, discard
Sulfonylureas -ANSWER Glipizide and glyburide
Used for type two diabetes to bring blood sugar down by increased insulin
release from pancreas
Side effects: hypoglycemia, photosensitivity, GI upset
Take med 30 minutes before meal
Do not drink alcohol
Use sunscreen
"Glipizide, Glyburide, riding and sliding down slides. Blood sugars are
going down. Outside in the sun"
Meglitinides -ANSWER Repaglinide
Used for type two diabetes
Increases release of insulin from pancreas
Side effects: hypoglycemia, angina
Take three times a day, eat within thirty minutes of dose
Biguanides -ANSWER Metformin
Used for type two diabetes, controls BS levels
Decreases glucose production in the liver and increases glucose uptake
Side effects: GI upset, B-12 deficiency, lactic acidosis, metallic taste
Take with a meal
Do not drink alcohol
, If B-12 issue, you may need supplement and discontinue use of metformin
if it requires NPO or contrast dye
Monitor for signs of lactic acidosis (diarrhea, dizziness, hypotension,
bradycardia, weakness)
Thiazolidinediones -ANSWER Pioglitizone
Used for type two diabetes
Decreases insulin resistance, increases glucose uptake, decreases
glucose production
Side effects: fluid retention, increased LDL, hepatotoxicity
Contraindicated in heart failure
Take once a day with or without food
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors -ANSWER Acarbose
Used for type two diabetes
Inhibits glucose absorption in GI tract
Side effects: GI upset, anemia, hepatotoxicity
Contraindicated for GI disorders
Taken three times a day, with meals, with the first bite of food
Hyperglycemic Agent -ANSWER Glucagon
Used for severe hypoglycemia when patient cannot take oral glucose
(unconscious, swallowing issues)
Stimulates breakdown of glycogen into glucose
Side effects: GI upset
Administer SQ or IM
Provide food as soon as they can swallow
"When all the glucose is gone, you take glucagon"
Levothyroxine -ANSWER Hypothyroidism
Acts as a synthetic form of T3, T4
Side effects: r/t too high of a dose. GI upset, anxiety, heat intolerance,
weight loss, sweating
While patient is on therapy, monitor levels of TSH and T4
Should be taken on an empty stomach with a full glass of water in the
morning
Life long terapy
Propylthiouracil -ANSWER Used for graves disease (hyperthyroidism) or
preparation of thyroidectomy
LATEST 2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A++
Medications used to treat gout -ANSWER Colchicine: decreases
inflammation and pain in acute gout attack. Side effects: GI upset and
thrombocytopenia
"Cool chicken - pecks your toe that has gout"
Probenecid: inhibits uric acid resorption and treats hyperuricemia r/t chronic
gout
Side effects: GI upset and kidney stones "Probenecid will 'benefit' you with
your gout."
Allopurinol: inhibits uric acid resorption and treats hyperuricemia r/t chronic
gout
Side effects: GI upset, rash, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity
"Allolpurinol will get rid of 'all' your uric acid production
Ergot Alkaloids -ANSWER Ergotamine
Used for vascular headaches - migraine and cluster
Vasoconstriction of intercranial blood vessles
Side effects: GI upset, muscle pain, HTN, numbness, tingling
Advise patient to lay down in dark quiet place.
Avoid tyramine rich foods and alcohol
Triptans -ANSWER Sumatripan "-tripan_
Used for acute attacks of vascular headaches. Works by vasoconstriction
of intracranial arteries.
Side effects: warm tingling sensation, dizziness, angina, injection site
discomfort
Advise patient to lay down in dark quiet place.
Avoid tyramine rich foods and alcohol
Lidocaine -ANSWER Local anesthetic that can be used topically or
parenteraly
Topically: decrease pain that involve puncture of skin
Parenteraly: decrease pain in minor surgical procedure, epidurals, or
biopsies
,Blocks conduction of pain impulses within certain radias
Side effects: hypotension, bradycardia, prolonged labor, spinal headaches,
allergic reactions
If using cream: apply one hour before procedure and cover with occlusive
dressing
Insulin: Rapid Acting -ANSWER Lispro or Humalog
Onset: less that 15 minutes
Peak: 30 min - 1 hour
Duration: 3 hours (three letters in log)
Make sure patients food is right in front of them
Insulin: Short acting -ANSWER Regular or Humulin R
Lin is just a regular short person
Onset: 30 mins - 1 hour
Peak: 2-3 hours
Duration: 5-7 hours (7 letters in regular)
Give about thirty minutes prior to meal
Intermediate Acting Insulin -ANSWER NPH Humulin N
NPH Neal Patrick Harris he is of intermediate height and is a hard working
actor. So if you call him, he will come onset in 1-2 hours and will stay for
18-24 hours!
Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: 4-12 hours
Duration: 18-24 hours
Long acting insulin -ANSWER Insulin Glargine or Lantus
Onset: 1 hour
No peak
Duration is 24 hours
Overall notes about insulin -ANSWER We can give insulin to type one or
type two diabetics
Type one: will always get insulin
Type two: can sometimes be managed with oral medications
Side effects: hypoglycemia (tachycardia, diaphoresis, shakiness,
weakness, headache) lipohyperthrophy (if injected into same spot over and
over again.
,Patients dose may need to increase in times of illnesses
For hypoglycemia in a fully conscious patient, give 15 grams of glucose (4
oz of orange juice). If unconscious give IM glucagone
When mixing draw short acting before long acting.
Clear before cloudy.
Inject air into long acting vial, inject air into faster acting insulin, draw up
faster acting insulin, then draw up long acting insulin
Never mix insulin glargine with anything else
For suspension, gently rotate (For NPH)
If short acting looks cloudy, discard
Sulfonylureas -ANSWER Glipizide and glyburide
Used for type two diabetes to bring blood sugar down by increased insulin
release from pancreas
Side effects: hypoglycemia, photosensitivity, GI upset
Take med 30 minutes before meal
Do not drink alcohol
Use sunscreen
"Glipizide, Glyburide, riding and sliding down slides. Blood sugars are
going down. Outside in the sun"
Meglitinides -ANSWER Repaglinide
Used for type two diabetes
Increases release of insulin from pancreas
Side effects: hypoglycemia, angina
Take three times a day, eat within thirty minutes of dose
Biguanides -ANSWER Metformin
Used for type two diabetes, controls BS levels
Decreases glucose production in the liver and increases glucose uptake
Side effects: GI upset, B-12 deficiency, lactic acidosis, metallic taste
Take with a meal
Do not drink alcohol
, If B-12 issue, you may need supplement and discontinue use of metformin
if it requires NPO or contrast dye
Monitor for signs of lactic acidosis (diarrhea, dizziness, hypotension,
bradycardia, weakness)
Thiazolidinediones -ANSWER Pioglitizone
Used for type two diabetes
Decreases insulin resistance, increases glucose uptake, decreases
glucose production
Side effects: fluid retention, increased LDL, hepatotoxicity
Contraindicated in heart failure
Take once a day with or without food
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors -ANSWER Acarbose
Used for type two diabetes
Inhibits glucose absorption in GI tract
Side effects: GI upset, anemia, hepatotoxicity
Contraindicated for GI disorders
Taken three times a day, with meals, with the first bite of food
Hyperglycemic Agent -ANSWER Glucagon
Used for severe hypoglycemia when patient cannot take oral glucose
(unconscious, swallowing issues)
Stimulates breakdown of glycogen into glucose
Side effects: GI upset
Administer SQ or IM
Provide food as soon as they can swallow
"When all the glucose is gone, you take glucagon"
Levothyroxine -ANSWER Hypothyroidism
Acts as a synthetic form of T3, T4
Side effects: r/t too high of a dose. GI upset, anxiety, heat intolerance,
weight loss, sweating
While patient is on therapy, monitor levels of TSH and T4
Should be taken on an empty stomach with a full glass of water in the
morning
Life long terapy
Propylthiouracil -ANSWER Used for graves disease (hyperthyroidism) or
preparation of thyroidectomy
