PLCY 110 UNC FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH LATEST & UPDATED SCORE

PLCY 110 UNC FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH LATEST &
UPDATED SCORE.


Anthropogenic global warming -- Answer ✔✔ - caused by human activity: a a a a a a a a a a




a- a layer of greenhouse gases- primarily water vapor, including much smaller amounts of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide- acts as a thermal blanket for the earth,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




absorbing heat and warming the surface to a life supporting average to 59 degrees F
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




- The idea that man is causing the earth to undergo a rapid rise in temperature
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




Asymmetric distribution of costs -- Answer ✔✔ the costs are spread and not all places
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




are impacted the same
a a a




ex. island nations are very negatively affected by global warming while US does not really
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




care because it does not get affected as much (and is affluent enough to deal with the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




costs)

Asylum seeker/ asylee -- Answer ✔✔ already in country that they want to seek refugee
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




status
unable or unwilling to return to own country because of a well-founded fear of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




persecution/

Cap and Trade -- Answer ✔✔ lets the market find the cheapest way to cut emissions
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




-emission allowances a a




- Mechanism to reduce the emission of pollutants by establishing a market for emission
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




permits.

Carbon pricing -- Answer ✔✔ the method favored by many economists for reducing
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




global-warming emissions — charges those who emit carbon dioxide (CO2) for their a a a a a a a a a a a a




emissions. That charge, called a carbon price, is the amount that must be paid for the right
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




to emit one tonne of CO2 into the atmosphere.
a a a a a a a a a

,- The term used for putting a price on carbon This means that the prices of goods,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




services and activities should reflect their real costs, including the costs they impose on
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




others through the damages that they cause. y ensuring that the prices of fossil fuels
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




reflect their true costs, policymakers help markets to operate more effectively. Carbon
a a a a a a a a a a a a




pricing is a pro-market action, and those who oppose it are anti-markets; appropriate
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




levels of carbon pricing will vary across countries. For instance, in lower-income
a a a a a a a a a a a a




countries carbon prices may be lower than the ranges identified by our report, partly
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




because complementary actions may be less costly and the distributional and ethical issues
a a a a a a a a a a a a




amay be more complex; . As countries raise the ambition of their nationally determined
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




contributions to the Paris Agreement, and implement them, we will see more carbon a a a a a a a a a a a a a




pricing schemes introduced. a a




Chapter VII of the UN Charter -- Answer ✔✔ - allows security council to determine the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




existence of any threat to peace, preach of peace, or act of aggression and take military
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




and nonmilitary action to restore international peace and security
a a a a a a a a a




- article 43: all members of the UN under to make available to the security council, and
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




decide what action needs to be taken and calls on members states to donate troops
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




Climate consensus -- Answer ✔✔ extremely high among experts over 95%
a a a a a a a a a a

a



people think the correct percentage of experts agree climate change is real is very low
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




plate tectonics theory is a hoax It's most accurate to say that 97% of relevant peer-
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




reviewed studies agree that humans are causing global warming, 99.9% of climate papers
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




don't reject that theory, and those who deny the overwhelming consensus are peddling
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




misinformation.

Collective action -- Answer ✔✔ when there is little incentive to take actions against a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




problem because the cost alone is too much to bear and benefits would be hard to
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




achieve
a



instead of _______, privileged group is forced to pay the costs of everyone because
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




everyone else does not have the means to/less of an incentive to pay for stuff that is
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




collectively good for everyone a a a




-individual costs concentrated a a




- public benefits diffuse
a a a




- individual actions have (relatively) little effect
a a a a a a




- An action taken by a group of like-minded individuals to achieve a common goal.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a

, Common pool resources -- Answer ✔✔ non-excludable but rival a a a a a a a a




if we act selfishly we might not leave anything for anyone else and might run out of it or
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




make it much worse a a a a




ex. fish in the ocean- forest and land
a a a a a a a




- seas and fisheries
a a a




- biodiversity (animals and plants
a a a a




- ozone layer
a a




-fresh water a




- climate
a




- Goods that cannot be jointly consumed and for which exclusion is not feasible.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




Comparative advantage -- Answer ✔✔ By specializing in goods it can produce for a lower a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




opportunity cost & trading with other countries, they can increase income (both a a a a a a a a a a a a




countries will benefit) a a




- The ability of a country to produce a good at a lower cost than another country can.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




compensation principle -- Answer ✔✔ because society as a whole benefits as a whole a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




from trade, the concentrated costs that result from trade are helped with the from the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




gains of the trading; ; holds that one of two possible states constitutes an improvement
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




over the other if the gainers could give something to the losers for their losses and still be
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




at least as well off as in the original state.
a a a a a a a a a




ex. giving $ to those that experience the concentrated costs
a a a a a a a a a




Economic (welfare) rights -- Answer ✔✔ the right of the people to receive financial
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




benefits/entitlements from the government a a a




Environmental Kuznets curve -- Answer ✔✔ as development/urbanization increases, at a a a a a a a a a a




first you will see increased environmental degradation, and then they will get the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




resources to be greener, causing environmental degradation to go downa a a a a a a a a a




reverse bell curve a a




Externalities -- Answer ✔✔ unintended by-product of activity that is imposed on others a a a a a a a a a a a a a