NR-283 TEST 4 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH FULLY SOLVED ANSWERS

NR-283: TEST 4 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH FULLY
SOLVED ANSWERS.


1) What is the definition of osteoporosis? -- Answer ✔✔ Bone resorption exceeds
a a a a a a a a a a a a




formation resulting in loss of compact bone
a a a a a a




2) What diagnostic test is done to determine if a client has osteoporosis? -- Answer
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




✔✔ Bone density scans
a a a




3) What does osteoporosis cause? -- Answer ✔✔ - Compression fractures of vertebrae
a a a a a a a a a a a




- Leads to Kyphosis a a a




- Leads to Scoliosis a a




4) What are some risk factors for osteoporosis? -- Answer ✔✔ - Postmenopausal
a a a a a a a a a a a a




women a




- aging adult 50+ years of age a a a a a a




- Hormonal factors a a




- Decreased mobility a a




- Sedentary lifestyle a a




- Small / light bone structures a a a a a




- excessive caffeine intake a a




5) What macro/micro nutrient deficits can cause osteoporosis? -- Answer ✔✔ - Deficit
a a a a a a a a a a a a




in calcium
a




- Deficit in Vitamin D a a a




- Deficit in Proteins a a




6) Why does mobility / sedentary lifestyles increase a clients risk for osteoporosis? --
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




Answer ✔✔ - bone demineralizes due to non-weightbearing lifestyles
a a a a a a a a a




- makes bone weak a a

,7) What ancestral background is more at risk for osteoporosis? -- Answer ✔✔ - Asian
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




- European

8) What hormones cause osteoporosis if they are decreased? -- Answer ✔✔ - Estrogen
a a a a a a a a a a a a




- Testosterone

9) What hormones cause osteoporosis if they are increased or found in excess? --
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




Answer ✔✔ - Corticosteroids
a a a




- Parathyroid hormones (PTH) a a




10) What treatments are there for osteoporosis? -- Answer ✔✔ - dietary supplements
a a a a a a a a a a a




- Fluoride supplements a a




- Bisphosphonates a




- Calcitonin a




- Human Parathyroid hormone a a a




- Weight bearing exercises a a a




- Raloxifene a




- Tamoxifen a




- Surgery to reduce kyphosis a a a




11) What is the number one preventative treatment for osteoporosis? -- Answer ✔✔
a a a a a a a a a a a a




Weight-bearing exercises a




12) What is the definition of Muscular Dystrophy (MD)? -- Answer ✔✔ A group of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




autosomal recessive disorders that cause degeneration skeletal muscle over time
a a a a a a a a a




13) What is a common MD? -- Answer ✔✔ Duchenne MD
a a a a a a a a a




14) What gender is impacted by Duchenne MD the most? -- Answer ✔✔ Young male
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




patients

15) What are signs/ symptoms of Duchenne MD? -- Answer ✔✔ - Early motor weakness
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




- Weakness in pelvic girdle a a a a




- Waddling gait a a




- Difficulty walking up stairs a a a

, 16) What are some diagnostic tests for MD? -- Answer ✔✔ - ID common genetic
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




abnormalities a




- Elevated creatine kinase levels a a a a




- Electromyography a




- Muscle biopsy a




17) What are some treatments for MD? -- Answer ✔✔ There are no Curative
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




treatments for MD a a




18) What are some supportive treatments for MD? -- Answer ✔✔ - Moderate exercise
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




to maintain motor function
a a a a




- Supportive treatments of symptoms a a a a




- PT / OT to maximize function / adaption
a a a a a a a a




- Massage a




- Ventilator

19) Why is a ventilator a supportive treatment of MD? -- Answer ✔✔ because MD
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




impacts respiratory function and causes respiratory failure
a a a a a a




20) What is the definition of osteoarthritis? -- Answer ✔✔ A degenerative disease as a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




result of increased weight-bearing or lifting causing wear / tear on joints
a a a a a a a a a a a




21) What is the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis? -- Answer ✔✔ - Articular cartilage is
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




damaged / worn out a a a a




- Surface of cartilage becomes rough / worn a a a a a a a




- Tissue damage causes release of enzymes accelerating disintegration of
a a a a a a a a a




cartilage a




- Subchondral bone may be exposed a a a a a




- Cysts develop a a




- osteophytes develop a a




- bone spurs develop a a a




- Osteophytes / cartilage break off a a a a a




- Joint space becomes narrowed a a a a




- Secondary inflammation of surrounding tissue a a a a a




- loss of normal range of joint motion
a a a a a a a




- Pain w/ weight-bearing and usage a a a a