NR-283 TEST 4 QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECTLY SOLVED ANSWERS

NR-283: TEST 4 QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECTLY SOLVED
ANSWERS.


Osteoporosis -- Answer ✔✔ Happens when Bone resorption exceeds formation due to
a a a a a a a a a a a a




decrease in bone density.
a a a




- Results in loss of compact bone due to holes in the bone and the bone can break
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




easily

Diagnosis of osteoporosis -- Answer ✔✔ bone density scan
a a a a a a a a




complication of osteoporosis -- Answer ✔✔ fractures of vertebrae, wrist, or hip can also
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a




lead to kyphosis and scoliosis if not diagnose early
a a a a a a a a




Predisposing Factors of osteoporosis -- Answer ✔✔ Age 50+ years
a a a a a a a a a




- Decreased mobility or sedentary lifestyle a a a a




- Hormonal factors: Excess corticosteroids or parathyroid hormone (PTH) and
a a a a a a a a a




Deficit of estrogen (post-menopausal women) or testosterone
a a a a a a a




- Deficits of calcium, vitamin D, or protein a a a a a a




- Cigarette smoking ( decrease bone density) a a a a a




- Asian or European ancestry a a a




- Excessive caffeine intake a a




muscular dystrophy (MD) -- Answer ✔✔ group of autosomal recessive disorders
a a a a a a a a a a a




characterized by degeneration of skeletal muscle
a a a a a




Duchenne MD -- Answer ✔✔ most common type of Muscular Dystrophy (MD) affecting
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




only males. Females are carriers .
a a a a a




- Signs and symptoms appears at age 2 to 3
a a a a a a a a




Duchenne MD Signs and symptoms -- Answer ✔✔ early motor weakness
a a a a a a a a a a




- Weakness in pelvic girdle causing waddling gait, difficulty climbing stairs
a a a a a a a a a

, - Gower Maneuver to stand : pushing up to erect position
a a a a a a a a a




- Tendon reflexes reduced a a




- Deformities develop, such as kyphoscoliosis. a a a a




- Respiratory infections common due to weakness because they can't breathe in a a a a a a a a a a a




deeply a




- Cardiac myopathy occurs commonly. a a a




diagnosis of Duchenne MD -- Answer ✔✔ Elevated creatine kinase levels
a a a a a a a a a a




- Electromyography
- Muscle biopsy a




- Blood test shows abnormal dystrophin levels
a a a a a




Osteoarthritis -- Answer ✔✔ Degenerative—wear and tear joint disease
a a a a a a a a




Inflammation of bone and joint. May be the result of increased weight-bearing or lifting
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




Affect men more than women
a a a a




Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis -- Answer ✔✔ - Articular cartilage is damaged causing
a a a a a a a a a a a a




Surface of cartilage becomes rough and worn
a a a a a a




- Tissue damage causes release of enzymes, accelerating disintegration of cartilage.
a a a a a a a a a




- Subchondral bone may be exposed. a a a a




- Cysts, osteophytes, or new bone spurs develop.
a a a a a a




- Osteophytes and cartilage break off. a a a a




- Joint space becomes narrower. a a a




- Secondary inflammation of surrounding tissue a a a a




- Loss of normal range of joint motion
a a a a a a




- Pain with weight-bearing and use
a a a a




Primary form of osteoarthritis -- Answer ✔✔ weight bearing, obesity, aging
a a a a a a a a a a




secondary form of osteoarthritis -- Answer ✔✔ follows trauma or repetitive use
a a a a a a a a a a a




Signs and Symptoms of osteoarthritis -- Answer ✔✔ Aching pain with weight-bearing and
a a a a a a a a a a a a a




movement
- Joint movement is limited because of pain.
a a a a a a




- Recreational and social activities become limited because of pain. a a a a a a a a




- Walking is difficult. a a