SCSU NUR 343 Exam 1 Questions And
Answers
D
rug - ANSWER>>any chemical that can affect living processes
pharmacology - ANSWER>>the study of drugs and their interactions with living
systems
clinical pharmacology - ANSWER>>study of drugs in humans
therapeutics - ANSWER>>The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease
or to prevent pregnancy *or* the medical use of drugs
The Big Three - ANSWER>>properties of an ideal drug
-effectiveness
-safety
-selectivity
therapeutic objective - ANSWER>>achieving the maximum benefit with minimal
harm
pharmacokinetics - ANSWER>>the impact of the body on drugs
pharmacodynamics - ANSWER>>the impact of the drug on the body
5 rights of medical administration - ANSWER>>patient, dose, drug, time, route
Food Drug Cosmetic Act - ANSWER>>1938 - required all new drugs be reviewed
by the government before being released to the public
,Controlled Substances Act - ANSWER>>1970 - set rules for marketing and
distributing of meds that can be addictive and classified them by schedule
(narcotics)
what is NIOSH/what do they do? - ANSWER>>National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health
-promotes occupational safety
-IDs hazardous materials
-literature and training
phases of new drug development - ANSWER>>Phase I - concept, chemical
property, healthy volunteers
Phase 2/3 - therapeutic effects, dose range, safety, effectiveness
Phase 4 - safe, risk vs benefit, released to general population under observation
OTC drugs are ___ percent of administered drugs - ANSWER>>60
physiologic adaptation - ANSWER>>adaptation due to normal body process
atrophy - ANSWER>>decrease in cell size
hypertrophy - ANSWER>>increase in cell size
hyperplasia - ANSWER>>increase in number of cells
dysplasia - ANSWER>>deranged cellular growth
metaplasia - ANSWER>>replacement of one type of cell with another due to
chronic injury or irritation
cellular injury - ANSWER>>cell unable to maintain homeostasis
most common cause of cellular injury - ANSWER>>hypoxia
, hypoxia results from - ANSWER>>-lack of oxygen
-loss of hemoglobin
-decreased RBC production
-respiratory and CV system diseases
-poisoning of oxidative enzymes
most common result of hypoxia - ANSWER>>ischemia (extremely painful oxygen
deficiency)
ischemia-reperfusion injury - ANSWER>>-caused by restoration of blood flow and
oxygen
-mechanisms: oxidative stress, inflammation, complement activation, increased
intracellular calcium
anoxia - ANSWER>>absence of oxygen
cellular responses to ischemia - ANSWER>>decrease in ATP, failure of Na/K pump
and Na/C exchange, cellular swelling, hydropic change
mechanism of injury - ANSWER>>a situation in which the injury occurs
free radicals can damage - ANSWER>>lipid peroxidation, alteration of
proteins/DNA, mitochondria
chemical injury - ANSWER>>cellular injury followed by exposure to xenobiotics
xenobiotics - ANSWER>>substances that are foreign to the body
leading cause of child poisoning - ANSWER>>chemical injury
blunt force injuries - ANSWER>>result of mechanical force to body (contusions,
lacerations, fractures)
Answers
D
rug - ANSWER>>any chemical that can affect living processes
pharmacology - ANSWER>>the study of drugs and their interactions with living
systems
clinical pharmacology - ANSWER>>study of drugs in humans
therapeutics - ANSWER>>The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease
or to prevent pregnancy *or* the medical use of drugs
The Big Three - ANSWER>>properties of an ideal drug
-effectiveness
-safety
-selectivity
therapeutic objective - ANSWER>>achieving the maximum benefit with minimal
harm
pharmacokinetics - ANSWER>>the impact of the body on drugs
pharmacodynamics - ANSWER>>the impact of the drug on the body
5 rights of medical administration - ANSWER>>patient, dose, drug, time, route
Food Drug Cosmetic Act - ANSWER>>1938 - required all new drugs be reviewed
by the government before being released to the public
,Controlled Substances Act - ANSWER>>1970 - set rules for marketing and
distributing of meds that can be addictive and classified them by schedule
(narcotics)
what is NIOSH/what do they do? - ANSWER>>National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health
-promotes occupational safety
-IDs hazardous materials
-literature and training
phases of new drug development - ANSWER>>Phase I - concept, chemical
property, healthy volunteers
Phase 2/3 - therapeutic effects, dose range, safety, effectiveness
Phase 4 - safe, risk vs benefit, released to general population under observation
OTC drugs are ___ percent of administered drugs - ANSWER>>60
physiologic adaptation - ANSWER>>adaptation due to normal body process
atrophy - ANSWER>>decrease in cell size
hypertrophy - ANSWER>>increase in cell size
hyperplasia - ANSWER>>increase in number of cells
dysplasia - ANSWER>>deranged cellular growth
metaplasia - ANSWER>>replacement of one type of cell with another due to
chronic injury or irritation
cellular injury - ANSWER>>cell unable to maintain homeostasis
most common cause of cellular injury - ANSWER>>hypoxia
, hypoxia results from - ANSWER>>-lack of oxygen
-loss of hemoglobin
-decreased RBC production
-respiratory and CV system diseases
-poisoning of oxidative enzymes
most common result of hypoxia - ANSWER>>ischemia (extremely painful oxygen
deficiency)
ischemia-reperfusion injury - ANSWER>>-caused by restoration of blood flow and
oxygen
-mechanisms: oxidative stress, inflammation, complement activation, increased
intracellular calcium
anoxia - ANSWER>>absence of oxygen
cellular responses to ischemia - ANSWER>>decrease in ATP, failure of Na/K pump
and Na/C exchange, cellular swelling, hydropic change
mechanism of injury - ANSWER>>a situation in which the injury occurs
free radicals can damage - ANSWER>>lipid peroxidation, alteration of
proteins/DNA, mitochondria
chemical injury - ANSWER>>cellular injury followed by exposure to xenobiotics
xenobiotics - ANSWER>>substances that are foreign to the body
leading cause of child poisoning - ANSWER>>chemical injury
blunt force injuries - ANSWER>>result of mechanical force to body (contusions,
lacerations, fractures)
