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PJM Test Questions and answers

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19 páginas
2024/2025 Escrito para el año académico
Institución PJM Generation
Grado PJM Generation
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Which of the following balancing control modes is used by PJM under normal operations? Tie-Line Bias Which of the following influences does PJM consider when performing their system load forecast? Weather Conditions & Day of the Week All of the following are limits that must be submitted to PJM for generating units EXCEPT: 1. Eco Min 2. Eco Max 3. Emergency Max 4. Dynamic Instability Dynamic Instability If PJM experienced an event that caused the loss of a 1,000 MW generator, which of the following would most likely provide the quickest impact to improve the undegenerating Area Control Area (ACE)? 1. Remedial Action Reserve 2. Synch Reserve 3. Non-Synch Reserve 4. Secondary Reserve Synch Reserve Your system has experienced an event that caused the frequency to drop below 60.00 Hz, what would be the most likely event that occurred? A generator on your system tripped offline How does the PJM dispatcher inform the Members of the PJM regulation Requirements? All-Call In order for your generator to quality to supply regulation in the PJM Regulation market, it must be able to respond and attain its desired output within how many minutes? 5 minutes Based on a generator capability curve, in order to maximize the MVAR output of the generator, it may be necessary to: decrease the MW output of the unit PJM maintains a regulation quality standard which states that a generator may be certified to provide regulation only after it achieves three consecutive regulation test scores of at least 75% Which of the following would NOT be a cause for a sudden deviation in the balancing area ACE? 1. incorrect interchange number 2. loss of a tie-line RTU 3. loss of internal load 4. loss of adjacent control area generation loss of adjacent control area generation The primary purpose for the balancing area to have Regulation is to correct for: small deviations in load It is necessary for Generation Owner dispatchers to notify PJM of unplanned unit outages: as soon as practicable PJM should be made aware of any fuel shortage that a generator may experience. This information assists in analyzing the resources and reliably operating the system. A heightened awareness is expected during: extreme hot or cold conditions Generators are required to obtain PJM approval prior to removing a generating unit from service. The only exception is for: injury to personnel will be prevented Prior to removing a self-scheduled generator from service, the PJM member must first give PJM the option to takeover the unit for the market When PJM experiences problems with their primary digital control signal, it sometimes becomes necessary for companies with the capability, to switch to the back-up signal. This backup signal is known as: Analog control When PJM sends cost signals to generators, to provide direction for increasing or decreasing the facility output, this signal that is sent is known as: Dispatch Rate Under normal operating conditions, what is the limit that will provide the lowest output level of a generating unit? Eco Min When PJM send out a cost signal to generators to adjust their output, the generating personnel adjust the output of the unit base on the unit's price or cost curve incremental Which eSuite tool is used to maintain individual generator regulation data that is submitted by PJM members? eMarket PJM's ACE configuration is such, that when the ACE is positive (+), it indicates too much generation If a generator is self-scheduled, what is the minimum notification time required in order for the MW output to be adjusted? 20 minutes prior to the change When corrections are made for the time error and the system scheduled frequency must be changed to implement the correction, how much is the frequency scheduled adjusted by? + /- 0.02 Hz When PJM runs their Regulation test, how long do the tests normally run? 40 minutes Your system has a 300 MW steam unit, but due to oil deliveries, the on-site fuel supply is diminishing. What is the hourly threshold for reporting to PJM that the unit cannot operate at its maximum capacity due to the fuel limitation? 72 hours What is the regulation requirement for the PJM balancing area during on-peak hours? 1.0% of the forecasted peak load What is the time requirement that a generator that wishes to self-schedule itself must provide to PJM? 20 minutes The PJM Peak Period Maintenance season occurs: Between the 24th & 36th Wednesdays of the year Maintenance outage extensions may be granted provided that the request for an extension is made Prior to the end of the outage What is the maximum time limit for the maintenance outages that occur during the PJM Peak Period Maintenance season? 9 days Which of the following is NOT a control mode that PJM considers? Frequency Bias What are the two NERC control standards that PJM must score at least 100% in order to be compliant? DCS (Disturbance Control Standard) and CPS1 When PJM activates shared reserves

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PJM Test Questions
jj jj




WhichjjofjjthejjfollowingjjbalancingjjcontroljjmodesjjisjjusedjjbyjjPJMjjunderjjnormaljjoperations?
Tie-LinejjBias
WhichjjofjjthejjfollowingjjinfluencesjjdoesjjPJMjjconsiderjjwhenjjperformingjjtheirjjsystemjjloadjjforecast
? WeatherjjConditionsjj&jjDayjjofjjthejjWeek
AlljjofjjthejjfollowingjjarejjlimitsjjthatjjmustjjbejjsubmittedjjtojjPJMjjforjjgeneratingjjunitsjjEXCEPT:

1.jjEcojjMin
2.jjEcojjMax
3.jjEmergencyjjMax
4.jjDynamicjjInstability DynamicjjInstability
IfjjPJMjjexperiencedjjanjjeventjjthatjjcausedjjthejjlossjjofjjajj1,000jjMWjjgenerator,jjwhichjjofjjthejjfollowin
gjjwouldjjmostjjlikelyjjprovidejjthejjquickestjjimpactjjtojjimprovejjthejjundegeneratingjjAreajjControljjAre
ajj(ACE)?

1.jjRemedialjjActionjjReserve
2.jjSynchjjReserve
3.jjNon-SynchjjReserve
4.jjSecondaryjjReserve SynchjjReserve
Yourjjsystemjjhasjjexperiencedjjanjjeventjjthatjjcausedjjthejjfrequencyjjtojjdropjjbelowjj60.00jjHz,jjwhatjjw
ouldjjbejjthejjmostjjlikelyjjeventjjthatjjoccurred? Ajjgeneratorjjonjjyourjjsystemjjtrippedjjoffline
HowjjdoesjjthejjPJMjjdispatcherjjinformjjthejjMembersjjofjjthejjPJMjjregulationjjRequirements? All-
Call
InjjorderjjforjjyourjjgeneratorjjtojjqualityjjtojjsupplyjjregulationjjinjjthejjPJMjjRegulationjjmarket,jjitjjmustjjb
ejjablejjtojjrespondjjandjjattainjjitsjjdesiredjjoutputjjwithinjjhowjjmanyjjminutes? 5jjminutes
Basedjjonjjajjgeneratorjjcapabilityjjcurve,jjinjjorderjjtojjmaximizejjthejjMVARjjoutputjjofjjthejjgenerator,jjitj
jmayjjbejjnecessaryjjto: decreasejjthejjMWjjoutputjjofjjthejjunit

PJMjjmaintainsjjajjregulationjjqualityjjstandardjjwhichjjstatesjjthatjjajjgeneratorjjmayjjbejjcertifiedjjtojjprov
idejjregulationjjonlyjjafterjjitjjachievesjjthreejjconsecutivejjregulationjjtestjjscoresjjofjjatjjleast 75%
WhichjjofjjthejjfollowingjjwouldjjNOTjjbejjajjcausejjforjjajjsuddenjjdeviationjjinjjthejjbalancingjjareajjACE?

1.jjincorrectjjinterchangejjnumber
2.jjlossjjofjjajjtie-linejjRTU
3.jjlossjjofjjinternaljjload
4.jjlossjjofjjadjacentjjcontroljjareajjgeneration lossjjofjjadjacentjjcontroljjareajjgeneration
ThejjprimaryjjpurposejjforjjthejjbalancingjjareajjtojjhavejjRegulationjjisjjtojjcorrectjjfor:
smalljjdeviationsjjinjjload
ItjjisjjnecessaryjjforjjGenerationjjOwnerjjdispatchersjjtojjnotifyjjPJMjjofjjunplannedjjunitjjoutages:
asjjsoonjjasjjpracticable
PJMjjshouldjjbejjmadejjawarejjofjjanyjjfueljjshortagejjthatjjajjgeneratorjjmayjjexperience.jj

Thisjjinformationjjassistsjjinjjanalyzingjjthejjresourcesjjandjjreliablyjjoperatingjjthejjsystem.jjAjjheightene
djjawarenessjjisjjexpectedjjduring: extremejjhotjjorjjcoldjjconditions

,GeneratorsjjarejjrequiredjjtojjobtainjjPJMjjapprovaljjpriorjjtojjremovingjjajjgeneratingjjunitjjfromjjservice.

Thejjonlyjjexceptionjjisjjfor: injuryjjtojjpersonneljjwilljjbejjprevented
Priorjjtojjremovingjjajjself-scheduledjjgeneratorjjfromjjservice,jjthejjPJMjjmemberjjmustjjfirst
givejjPJMjjthejjoptionjjtojjtakeoverjjthejjunitjjforjjthejjmarket
WhenjjPJMjjexperiencesjjproblemsjjwithjjtheirjjprimaryjjdigitaljjcontroljjsignal,jjitjjsometimesjjbecomesjj
necessaryjjforjjcompaniesjjwithjjthejjcapability,jjtojjswitchjjtojjthejjback-upjjsignal.jj

Thisjjbackupjjsignaljjisjjknownjjas: Analogjjcontrol
WhenjjPJMjjsendsjjcostjjsignalsjjtojjgenerators,jjtojjprovidejjdirectionjjforjjincreasingjjorjjdecreasingjjthejjf
acilityjjoutput,jjthisjjsignaljjthatjjisjjsentjjisjjknownjjas: DispatchjjRate
Underjjnormaljjoperatingjjconditions,jjwhatjjisjjthejjlimitjjthatjjwilljjprovidejjthejjlowestjjoutputjjleveljjofjjajj
generatingjjunit? EcojjMin
WhenjjPJMjjsendjjoutjjajjcostjjsignaljjtojjgeneratorsjjtojjadjustjjtheirjjoutput,jjthejjgeneratingjjpersonneljjadj
ustjjthejjoutputjjofjjthejjunitjjbasejjonjjthejjunit's pricejjorjjcostjjcurvejjincremental
WhichjjeSuitejjtooljjisjjusedjjtojjmaintainjjindividualjjgeneratorjjregulationjjdatajjthatjjisjjsubmittedjjbyjjPJ
Mjjmembers? eMarket
PJM'sjjACEjjconfigurationjjisjjsuch,jjthatjjwhenjjthejjACEjjisjjpositivejj(+),jjitjjindicates
toojjmuchjjgeneration
Ifjjajjgeneratorjjisjjself-
scheduled,jjwhatjjisjjthejjminimumjjnotificationjjtimejjrequiredjjinjjorderjjforjjthejjMWjjoutputjjtojjbejjadjus
ted? 20jjminutesjjpriorjjtojjthejjchange
Whenjjcorrectionsjjarejjmadejjforjjthejjtimejjerrorjjandjjthejjsystemjjscheduledjjfrequencyjjmustjjbejjchange
djjtojjimplementjjthejjcorrection,jjhowjjmuchjjisjjthejjfrequencyjjscheduledjjadjustedjjby? +jj/-jj0.02jjHz
WhenjjPJMjjrunsjjtheirjjRegulationjjtest,jjhowjjlongjjdojjthejjtestsjjnormallyjjrun? 40jjminutes
Yourjjsystemjjhasjjajj300jjMWjjsteamjjunit,jjbutjjduejjtojjoiljjdeliveries,jjthejjon-
sitejjfueljjsupplyjjisjjdiminishing.jj

WhatjjisjjthejjhourlyjjthresholdjjforjjreportingjjtojjPJMjjthatjjthejjunitjjcannotjjoperatejjatjjitsjjmaximumjjcap
acityjjduejjtojjthejjfueljjlimitation? 72jjhours
WhatjjisjjthejjregulationjjrequirementjjforjjthejjPJMjjbalancingjjareajjduringjjon-peakjjhours?
1.0%jjofjjthejjforecastedjjpeakjjload
Whatjjisjjthejjtimejjrequirementjjthatjjajjgeneratorjjthatjjwishesjjtojjself-
schedulejjitselfjjmustjjprovidejjtojjPJM? 20jjminutes
ThejjPJMjjPeakjjPeriodjjMaintenancejjseasonjjoccurs:
Betweenjjthejj24thjj&jj36thjjWednesdaysjjofjjthejjyear
Maintenancejjoutagejjextensionsjjmayjjbejjgrantedjjprovidedjjthatjjthejjrequestjjforjjanjjextensionjjisjjmade
Priorjjtojjthejjendjjofjjthejjoutage
WhatjjisjjthejjmaximumjjtimejjlimitjjforjjthejjmaintenancejjoutagesjjthatjjoccurjjduringjjthejjPJMjjPeakjjPeri
odjjMaintenancejjseason? 9jjdays
WhichjjofjjthejjfollowingjjisjjNOTjjajjcontroljjmodejjthatjjPJMjjconsiders? FrequencyjjBias
WhatjjarejjthejjtwojjNERCjjcontroljjstandardsjjthatjjPJMjjmustjjscorejjatjjleastjj100%jjinjjorderjjtojjbejjcompl
iant? DCSjj(DisturbancejjControljjStandard)jjandjjCPS1
WhenjjPJMjjactivatesjjsharedjjreservesjjwithjjNPCC,jjwhatjjisjjthejjnormaljjrampjjofjjthejjMWjjwhenjjthejje
ventjjisjjactivated? 0jjminutes

, WhatjjisjjthejjregulationjjrequiredjjforjjoperatingjjthejjPJMjjbalancingjjareajjduringjjthejjmidnightjjperiod?
1.0%jjofjjthejjforecastedjjpeakjjload
WhatjjisjjthejjthresholdjjforjjPJMjjassigningjjorjjde-assigningjjregulationjjtojjgenerators? +jj/jj-
jj15jjMWjjofjjthejjrequirement

Duringjjsystemjjrestoration,jjwherejjisjjthejjmostjjeffectingjjoperatingjjpointjjforjjthosejjgeneratorsjjthatjjar
ejjsupplyingjjregulationjjtojjthejjsystem? Atjjtjjhejjmiddlejjofjjtheirjjregulatingjjoperatingjjrange
Ifjjyoujjhavejjthreejj150jjMWjjgeneratorsjjwithjjeachjjhavingjjanjjecojjminjjofjj50jjMWjjandjjemergencyjjmin
jjofjj20jjMW,jjwhatjjwouldjjbejjthejjtotaljjEmergencyjjReduciblejjamountjjthatjjyoujjwouldjjreportjjtojjPJM?

90jjMW
WhatjjwouldjjbejjthejjnormaljjfirstjjstepjjtojjbejjtakenjjbyjjthejjPJMjjGenerationjjDispatcherjjafterjjajj1,000jj
MWjjunitjjtrippingjjcausedjjthejjACEjjtojjindicatejjandjjthejjbalancingjjareajjtojjbejjinjjajjsituationjjofjjseverejj
underjjgeneration? orderjjalljjgeneratorsjjtojjloadjjspinningjjreserve
DuringjjseverejjGeomagneticjjactivity,jjPJMjjobservesjjanjjindicationjjofjj>jj10jjamperesjjatjjMissourijjAv
enuejjfacilityjjthatjjisjjconfirmedjjbyjjajjsecondjjsource.jj

ThejjPJMjjoperatorjjshouldjjimmediatelyjjimplement: ConservativejjOperation
WhatjjemergencyjjprocedurejjwouldjjcausejjalljjGenerationjjOwnerjjOperatorsjjtojjsubmitjjemergencyjjre
duciblejjinformationjjtojjPJMjjcontroljjcenter? MinjjGenjjAlert
PJMjjissuesjjajjColdjjWeatherjjAlertjjwhenjjthejjforecastedjjtemperaturejjinjjPhiladelphiajjisjjexpectedjjtojj
bejjlessjjthanjjorjjequaljjto: 10jjdegreesjjF
Whichjjofjjthejjfollowingjjfacilitiesjjwouldjjbejjgivenjjajjpriorityjjinjjrestoringjjauxiliaryjjpowerjjfollowingjj
ajjPJMjjsystemjjblackout?

1.jjajjgeneratorjjthatjjwasjjonlinejjandjjtjjrippedjjbutjjhasjjajjrupturedjjturbinejjdisk

2.jjajjdrumjjtypejjoiljjfiredjjunitjjthatjjtrippedjjduringjjthejjeventjjandjjhasjjnojjdamage

3.jjajjCTjjthatjjisjjremotejjandjjhasjjajj30%jjdependabilityjjrating

4.jjajjcoldjjfiredjjgeneratorjjthatjjwasjjoffline,jjbutjjcanjjbejjonjjinjj<jj12jjhrs
ajjdrumjjtypejjoiljjfiredjjunitjjthatjjtrippedjjduringjjthejjeventjjandjjhasjjnojjdamage
WhatjjtwojjcomponentsjjmakejjupjjContingencyjjReserve? Synchronizedjj&jjNon-Synchronized
WhyjjisjjitjjimportantjjforjjPJMjjtojjknowjjwhenjjajjgeneratorjjhasjjlimitedjjfueljjforjjoperation?
Tojjplanjjforjjthejjmostjjoptimaljjtimejjtojjutilizejjthejjresource
WhichjjofjjthejjfollowingjjwouldjjbejjanjjacceptablejjactionjjforjjPJMjjtojjrequestjjofjjajjgeneratorjjduringjjpe
riodsjjofjjheavyjjflowsjjandjjlowjjvoltages? Lowerjjreal-powerjjoutputjjtojjincreasejjreactivejjpower
Followingjjajjsystemjjshutdown,jjwhichjjofjjthejjfollowingjjwouldjjhavejjthejjhighestjjpriorityjjinjjthejjresto
rationjjeffort? Auxiliaryjjpowerjjtojjajjnukejjfacility
whenjjPJMjjissuesjjajjVoltagejjReductionjjAlert,jjwhichjjofjjthejjfollowingjjisjjNOTjjanjjappropriatejjaction
jjforjjajjMemberjjdispatcherjjtojjtake?




1.jjtakejjstepsjjtojjexpeditejjthejjreduction,jjifjjneeded

2.jjadvisejjalljjstationjjanjjkeyjjpersonnel

3.jjnotifyjjmanagement

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