HSA 6115 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Blum's Model - ANSWER Identifies factors that affect health
The size of the arrows indicates the degree each factor affects a person's health
The model shows factors like prevention and rehabilitation have much less of an effect
on health than environmental factors, and somewhat less of an effect than heredity and
lifestyle
Blum suggest several goals for a health system: - ANSWER 1. Prolonging life and
preventing premature death
2. Minimizing departures from physiological or functional norms by focusing attention on
precursors of illness
3. Minimizing discomfort (illness)
4. Minimizing disability( incapacity)
5. Promoting high level of wellness
6. Promoting high level of satisfaction with the environment
7. Extending residents to ill health and creating reserve capacity
8. Increasing opportunities for consumers to participate in heal matters
Four major inputs that contribute to health and well being - ANSWER 1. Heredity
2. Medical Care Services
3. Lifestyles
4. Environment
All must be considered simultaneously when addressing the health status of an
individual or a population.
Heredity - ANSWER Genes and characteristics inherited from parents make a person
more likely or less likely to develop certain health problems and to be or not be healthy
and well.
Medical Care Services - ANSWER Diagnosis and treat- ment in the care of patients,
sometimes limited to care by phy- sicians and sometimes more broadly including care
by nurses, thera- pists, and others who care for patients.
,Lifestyles - ANSWER Patterns of attitudes and behaviors that make up one's way of
living.
Environment - ANSWER The world that exists beyond one's own control and beyond the
borders that separate oneself from everything else. Environments include people,
organizations, societ- ies, forces, and many other elements.
Lack of Synchrony - ANSWER Variation in rates of hospitalization and lengths of hospital
stay
Physicians practice patterns and clinical decisions vary sometimes widely
Some hospitals may have more access to technology
There is an important distinction between - ANSWER Need and Demand in for health
services
History of health services - ANSWER 1. Technology
2. Mortality and Morbidity
3. Social Welfare
Technology - ANSWER The great sanitary awakening" of the mid-19th century called for
new measures to purify food and water
New medical technology in the late 19th century permitted efficacious surgical
interventions with greatly reduced rates of morbidity and mortality
Hospitals were often sponsored by private not-for-profit corporation
Morbidity and Mortality - ANSWER Most people died of acute infections such as
pneumonia
Many communicable health problems common in the mid-19th century were solved
through preventive measures taken by health departments.Such as clean food and
water
SOCIAL WELFARE - ANSWER Social Security Act of 1935 shifts responsibility for social
welfare from local to federal government
Government-sponsored national health insurance programs
Affordable Care Act in 2010 greatly increased the federal government's role in
organizing, controlling, and financing delivery of health services
Anticipated increased demand for geriatric healthcare
Other Western Systems - ANSWER Governments started financing health services much
earlier than in the U.S.
,U.S. has the highest growth rate in healthcare spending.
Structure of the Health Services System - ANSWER 1. Preventive Care
2.Primary Care
3.Secondary Care (acute care)
4.Tertiary/Quaternary Care (special care)
5.Restorative Care
6.Continuing Care
Preventive Care has three parts - ANSWER Primary prevention (prevent disease or
injury, such as educating people not to smoke)
Secondary prevention (blocks progression of disease or injury such as taking a MRI)
Tertiary prevention (blocks or retard progression)
Hospitals and Nursing facilities use what type of prevention? - ANSWER Secondary and
Tertiary
Primary Care - ANSWER Early Detection
Routine Care
Secondary Care (acute care) - ANSWER Emergency Treatment
Critical Care
Tertiary/Quaternary Care (special care) - ANSWER Highly technical services for
example a cancer hospital
Restorative Care - ANSWER Rehabilitation
Home Care
Intermediate/Follow-up Care
Continuing Care - ANSWER Long-term care
Chronic Care
Personal Care
Hospice/Palliative Care
Classification of HSOs - ANSWER 1. Ownership
2. Length of Stay
, 3. Role in Health Service System
Ownership - ANSWER 1. Profit
2. Not for Profit
3. Goverment Sponsored
For profit - ANSWER Investor owned
Private Corporations - ANSWER Can be for or not for profit
Goverment Sponsored - ANSWER Classified as not for profit and owned by a public
entity
Two types of privately owned corporations - ANSWER Faith-based and nonsectarian
that are organized as not-for-profits
For-profit corporations that issue stock to investors or to general public
Cities and counties - ANSWER Can own acute care hospitals some of which are financed
by special tax districts
They establish, fund, and control public health departments
HSOs owned by the state government - ANSWER Include health departments and
psychiatric hospitals
Federal Goverment has - ANSWER limited involvement in financing health services
It has delivered preventive, acute, and long term health services to special groups. For
example the U.S Public Health Service (USPHS)
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Blum's Model - ANSWER Identifies factors that affect health
The size of the arrows indicates the degree each factor affects a person's health
The model shows factors like prevention and rehabilitation have much less of an effect
on health than environmental factors, and somewhat less of an effect than heredity and
lifestyle
Blum suggest several goals for a health system: - ANSWER 1. Prolonging life and
preventing premature death
2. Minimizing departures from physiological or functional norms by focusing attention on
precursors of illness
3. Minimizing discomfort (illness)
4. Minimizing disability( incapacity)
5. Promoting high level of wellness
6. Promoting high level of satisfaction with the environment
7. Extending residents to ill health and creating reserve capacity
8. Increasing opportunities for consumers to participate in heal matters
Four major inputs that contribute to health and well being - ANSWER 1. Heredity
2. Medical Care Services
3. Lifestyles
4. Environment
All must be considered simultaneously when addressing the health status of an
individual or a population.
Heredity - ANSWER Genes and characteristics inherited from parents make a person
more likely or less likely to develop certain health problems and to be or not be healthy
and well.
Medical Care Services - ANSWER Diagnosis and treat- ment in the care of patients,
sometimes limited to care by phy- sicians and sometimes more broadly including care
by nurses, thera- pists, and others who care for patients.
,Lifestyles - ANSWER Patterns of attitudes and behaviors that make up one's way of
living.
Environment - ANSWER The world that exists beyond one's own control and beyond the
borders that separate oneself from everything else. Environments include people,
organizations, societ- ies, forces, and many other elements.
Lack of Synchrony - ANSWER Variation in rates of hospitalization and lengths of hospital
stay
Physicians practice patterns and clinical decisions vary sometimes widely
Some hospitals may have more access to technology
There is an important distinction between - ANSWER Need and Demand in for health
services
History of health services - ANSWER 1. Technology
2. Mortality and Morbidity
3. Social Welfare
Technology - ANSWER The great sanitary awakening" of the mid-19th century called for
new measures to purify food and water
New medical technology in the late 19th century permitted efficacious surgical
interventions with greatly reduced rates of morbidity and mortality
Hospitals were often sponsored by private not-for-profit corporation
Morbidity and Mortality - ANSWER Most people died of acute infections such as
pneumonia
Many communicable health problems common in the mid-19th century were solved
through preventive measures taken by health departments.Such as clean food and
water
SOCIAL WELFARE - ANSWER Social Security Act of 1935 shifts responsibility for social
welfare from local to federal government
Government-sponsored national health insurance programs
Affordable Care Act in 2010 greatly increased the federal government's role in
organizing, controlling, and financing delivery of health services
Anticipated increased demand for geriatric healthcare
Other Western Systems - ANSWER Governments started financing health services much
earlier than in the U.S.
,U.S. has the highest growth rate in healthcare spending.
Structure of the Health Services System - ANSWER 1. Preventive Care
2.Primary Care
3.Secondary Care (acute care)
4.Tertiary/Quaternary Care (special care)
5.Restorative Care
6.Continuing Care
Preventive Care has three parts - ANSWER Primary prevention (prevent disease or
injury, such as educating people not to smoke)
Secondary prevention (blocks progression of disease or injury such as taking a MRI)
Tertiary prevention (blocks or retard progression)
Hospitals and Nursing facilities use what type of prevention? - ANSWER Secondary and
Tertiary
Primary Care - ANSWER Early Detection
Routine Care
Secondary Care (acute care) - ANSWER Emergency Treatment
Critical Care
Tertiary/Quaternary Care (special care) - ANSWER Highly technical services for
example a cancer hospital
Restorative Care - ANSWER Rehabilitation
Home Care
Intermediate/Follow-up Care
Continuing Care - ANSWER Long-term care
Chronic Care
Personal Care
Hospice/Palliative Care
Classification of HSOs - ANSWER 1. Ownership
2. Length of Stay
, 3. Role in Health Service System
Ownership - ANSWER 1. Profit
2. Not for Profit
3. Goverment Sponsored
For profit - ANSWER Investor owned
Private Corporations - ANSWER Can be for or not for profit
Goverment Sponsored - ANSWER Classified as not for profit and owned by a public
entity
Two types of privately owned corporations - ANSWER Faith-based and nonsectarian
that are organized as not-for-profits
For-profit corporations that issue stock to investors or to general public
Cities and counties - ANSWER Can own acute care hospitals some of which are financed
by special tax districts
They establish, fund, and control public health departments
HSOs owned by the state government - ANSWER Include health departments and
psychiatric hospitals
Federal Goverment has - ANSWER limited involvement in financing health services
It has delivered preventive, acute, and long term health services to special groups. For
example the U.S Public Health Service (USPHS)
