INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM (CSCC)WITH QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE
Sociology - ANS the study of society
Sociological Perspective - ANS A way of taking a sociological approach or thinking
sociologically about the world
Sociological Imagination - ANS A quality of mind that allows us to understand the relationship
between our particular situation in life and what is happening at a social level
Auguste Comte - ANS Stated that sociology needed to be treated like any other scientific
discipline.
Emile Durkheim - ANS worked to establish sociology as an important academic discipline.
Interested in social factors that bond and hold people together
Karl Marx - ANS Contributed significantly to conflict theory. Believed that capitalism was
creating social inequality between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
Bourgeoisie - ANS Those who own the means of production. I.e. money, factories, natural
resources, and land
Proletariat - ANS the workers
Max Weber - ANS Interested in how society was becoming industrialized. He was concerned
with the process of rationalization, applying logic to all human activity
Structural Functionalism - ANS Society is viewed as an ordered system of interrelated parts or
structures which are the social institutions that make up society (family, education, politics, the
economy
Conflict theory - ANS Sees social conflict as the basis of society and social change
Symbolic interactionism - ANS Sees interaction and meaning as central to society and assumes
that meanings are not inherent but rather are created through interaction
Feminist theory - ANS looks at both gender inequality in society and the way that gender
structures the social word and consider remedies to these inequalities
Queer theory - ANS Proposes that categories of sexual identity are social constructs and that no
sexual category is fundamentally either deviant or normal
, Correlation - ANS A relationship between two variables
Causation - ANS a relationship where one variable causes another variable to change
Spurious Correlation - ANS A relationship that seems to appear between two variables but is
actually caused by some external, or intervening, variable
Surveys - ANS Questionnaires that are administered to a sample of respondents selected from a
target population
Existing sources - ANS refer to any data that has already been collected by earlier researchers
and is available for future research
Ethnocentrism - ANS occurs when a person uses their own culture as a standard to evaluate
another group or individual, leading to a view that cultures other than one's own are abnormal
Cultural Relativism - ANS is the process of understanding other cultures on their own terms,
rather than judging according to one's own culture
Folkway - ANS A loosely enforced norm that involves common customs, practices, or
procedures that ensure smooth social interaction and acceptance
More - ANS A norm that carries greater moral significance, is closely related to the core values
of a group, and often involves severe repercussions for violators
Subculture - ANS A group within society that is differentiated by its distinctive values, norms,
and lifestyle
Counterculture - ANS A group within society that openly rejects and or actively opposes
societies norms and values
Socialization - ANS the process of learning and internalizing values, beliefs, and norms of our
social group
Self - ANS personal identity that is separate and different from other people
Looking glass self - ANS refers to the notion that the self develops through our perception of
others evaluations and appraisals of us
Status - ANS A position in society that comes with a set of expectations
Ascribed status - ANS A position we are born with that is unlikely to change
Achieved status - ANS A position we have earned through our individual efforts or that is
imposed by others
EXAM (CSCC)WITH QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE
Sociology - ANS the study of society
Sociological Perspective - ANS A way of taking a sociological approach or thinking
sociologically about the world
Sociological Imagination - ANS A quality of mind that allows us to understand the relationship
between our particular situation in life and what is happening at a social level
Auguste Comte - ANS Stated that sociology needed to be treated like any other scientific
discipline.
Emile Durkheim - ANS worked to establish sociology as an important academic discipline.
Interested in social factors that bond and hold people together
Karl Marx - ANS Contributed significantly to conflict theory. Believed that capitalism was
creating social inequality between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
Bourgeoisie - ANS Those who own the means of production. I.e. money, factories, natural
resources, and land
Proletariat - ANS the workers
Max Weber - ANS Interested in how society was becoming industrialized. He was concerned
with the process of rationalization, applying logic to all human activity
Structural Functionalism - ANS Society is viewed as an ordered system of interrelated parts or
structures which are the social institutions that make up society (family, education, politics, the
economy
Conflict theory - ANS Sees social conflict as the basis of society and social change
Symbolic interactionism - ANS Sees interaction and meaning as central to society and assumes
that meanings are not inherent but rather are created through interaction
Feminist theory - ANS looks at both gender inequality in society and the way that gender
structures the social word and consider remedies to these inequalities
Queer theory - ANS Proposes that categories of sexual identity are social constructs and that no
sexual category is fundamentally either deviant or normal
, Correlation - ANS A relationship between two variables
Causation - ANS a relationship where one variable causes another variable to change
Spurious Correlation - ANS A relationship that seems to appear between two variables but is
actually caused by some external, or intervening, variable
Surveys - ANS Questionnaires that are administered to a sample of respondents selected from a
target population
Existing sources - ANS refer to any data that has already been collected by earlier researchers
and is available for future research
Ethnocentrism - ANS occurs when a person uses their own culture as a standard to evaluate
another group or individual, leading to a view that cultures other than one's own are abnormal
Cultural Relativism - ANS is the process of understanding other cultures on their own terms,
rather than judging according to one's own culture
Folkway - ANS A loosely enforced norm that involves common customs, practices, or
procedures that ensure smooth social interaction and acceptance
More - ANS A norm that carries greater moral significance, is closely related to the core values
of a group, and often involves severe repercussions for violators
Subculture - ANS A group within society that is differentiated by its distinctive values, norms,
and lifestyle
Counterculture - ANS A group within society that openly rejects and or actively opposes
societies norms and values
Socialization - ANS the process of learning and internalizing values, beliefs, and norms of our
social group
Self - ANS personal identity that is separate and different from other people
Looking glass self - ANS refers to the notion that the self develops through our perception of
others evaluations and appraisals of us
Status - ANS A position in society that comes with a set of expectations
Ascribed status - ANS A position we are born with that is unlikely to change
Achieved status - ANS A position we have earned through our individual efforts or that is
imposed by others
