WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study
Guides
________________ strokes result from an obstruction in cerebral blood flow by a
thrombus or embolus. A clot or thrombus commonly arises from one of three
mechanisms: arteriosclerosis of a cerebral artery, atrial fibrillation. - ANS - Ischemic
___________________ disorders, such as pneumothorax, make it difficult for the lungs
to fully expand for ventilation. - ANS - Restrictive
_____________________ stroke occurs when a cerebral artery ruptures and can no
longer bring blood to the brain tissue.· - ANS - Hemorrhagic
A 56-year-old female presents with superficial partial-thickness burns to the anterior
head and neck, front and back of the left arm, front of the right arm, posterior trunk, front
and back of the right leg, and back of the left leg.
Calculate the total body surface area percentage that is burned using the Rule of Nines.
- ANS - 63%
The Rule of Nines is a rapid method used during the prehospital and emergent phase of
care. The body is divided into regions that present 9%, or multiples of 9, with the
exception of the perineum, which is 1% of BSA (body surface area). The face and back
of the head are 4.5% each, so the entire head is 9%, the anterior and posterior portion
of the arm is 9%, and the total for each leg is 18%. Anterior head and neck (4.5%), front
and back of the left arm (9%), front of the right arm (4.5%), posterior trunk (18%), front
and back of the right leg (18%), back of the left leg (9%) which equals 63%.
A female patient presents with irregular menstrual cycles and hirsutism. Lab work
reveals elevated androgen levels. Which is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Adenomyosis
Endometriosis
,Polycystic ovarian syndrome - ANS - Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
A hormone panel was done on a patient with congestive heart failure and fluid volume
overload. Which elevated hormone on the patient's chart is indicative of the body's
attempt to reduce the fluid overload?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin - ANS - BNP
BNP is released when fluid volume excess is present.
A long term lung disease caused by inhaling large amounts of crystalline silica dust is
called ______________. - ANS - Silicosis
A patient asks the provider about a new diagnosis of aortic stenosis.
What does the provider explain about stenosis?
It describes the valve leaflets shifting into the atrium with contraction, due to thickening
of the valve leaflets.
It is caused by calcium deposits forming around the rim of the valve, which reduces the
flexibility of the valve.
It is a failure of the valve to close properly, due to damage to the chordae tendineae that
anchor the valve leaflets.
It is a thickening and narrowing of the valve that decreases the ability of blood to move
through the valve. - ANS - It is a thickening and narrowing of the valve that decreases
the ability of blood to move through the valve.
A patient asks the provider about a new diagnosis of aortic stenosis. What does the
provider explain about stenosis?
,It is caused by calcium deposits forming around the rim of the valve, which reduces the
flexibility of the valve.
It describes the valve leaflets shifting into the atrium with contraction, due to thickening
of the valve leaflets.
It is a thickening and narrowing of the valve that decreases the ability of blood to move
through the valve.
It is a failure of the valve to close properly, due to damage to the chordae tendineae that
anchor the valve leaflets. - ANS - It is a thickening and narrowing of the valve that
decreases the ability of blood to move through the valve.
**A narrowing or stricture to the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and may
also affect the pressure in the left atrium.
A patient describes experiencing intermittent episodes of chest pain associated with
activity. The chest pain resolves within 4-5 minutes with rest or the administration of
nitroglycerin. What is the patient experiencing? Choose 2 responses.
Stable angina
Unstable angina
Prinzmetal angina
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial ischemia - ANS - Stable angina
Myocardial ischemia
**Chest pain that is consistently triggered by activity and resolves with rest or
nitroglycerin within a short time period is stable angina. The chest pain is a symptom of
myocardial ischemia—the heart is not receiving enough blood flow during the time
period when the patient is experiencing pain.
A patient has been diagnosed with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and will be
undergoing hemodialysis. What is true about hemodialysis?
, It involves infusing dialysate solution into the abdominal cavity.
It slowly filters the blood over a 24-hour cycle.
It can cause significant fluid shifts and place the client at risk for hypotension.
It can be administered at the bedside via peripheral intravenous access. - ANS - It can
cause significant fluid shifts and place a patient at risk for hypotension.
**Hemodialysis is performed over a relatively short period and can cause large fluid
shifts, resulting in hypotension.
A patient has been diagnosed with pyelonephritis and asks the provider to explain the
condition. What is the best response from the provider? - ANS - "Pyelonephritis is an
infection of the kidney that most commonly is caused by a bacterium called E. coli."
#Inflammation of the kidneys
#Tx: antibiotics, usually hospitalization
A patient has been diagnosed with renal cancer. What manifestations would the
provider expect to see? - ANS - Hematuria
A patient is diagnosed with a pituitary tumor. Which disorders could develop as a result
of this tumor? Choose 3 answers.
Graves' disease
Diabetes insipidus
Acromegaly
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Thyroid nodules - ANS - Diabetes insipidus
Acromegaly
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Guides
________________ strokes result from an obstruction in cerebral blood flow by a
thrombus or embolus. A clot or thrombus commonly arises from one of three
mechanisms: arteriosclerosis of a cerebral artery, atrial fibrillation. - ANS - Ischemic
___________________ disorders, such as pneumothorax, make it difficult for the lungs
to fully expand for ventilation. - ANS - Restrictive
_____________________ stroke occurs when a cerebral artery ruptures and can no
longer bring blood to the brain tissue.· - ANS - Hemorrhagic
A 56-year-old female presents with superficial partial-thickness burns to the anterior
head and neck, front and back of the left arm, front of the right arm, posterior trunk, front
and back of the right leg, and back of the left leg.
Calculate the total body surface area percentage that is burned using the Rule of Nines.
- ANS - 63%
The Rule of Nines is a rapid method used during the prehospital and emergent phase of
care. The body is divided into regions that present 9%, or multiples of 9, with the
exception of the perineum, which is 1% of BSA (body surface area). The face and back
of the head are 4.5% each, so the entire head is 9%, the anterior and posterior portion
of the arm is 9%, and the total for each leg is 18%. Anterior head and neck (4.5%), front
and back of the left arm (9%), front of the right arm (4.5%), posterior trunk (18%), front
and back of the right leg (18%), back of the left leg (9%) which equals 63%.
A female patient presents with irregular menstrual cycles and hirsutism. Lab work
reveals elevated androgen levels. Which is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Adenomyosis
Endometriosis
,Polycystic ovarian syndrome - ANS - Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
A hormone panel was done on a patient with congestive heart failure and fluid volume
overload. Which elevated hormone on the patient's chart is indicative of the body's
attempt to reduce the fluid overload?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin - ANS - BNP
BNP is released when fluid volume excess is present.
A long term lung disease caused by inhaling large amounts of crystalline silica dust is
called ______________. - ANS - Silicosis
A patient asks the provider about a new diagnosis of aortic stenosis.
What does the provider explain about stenosis?
It describes the valve leaflets shifting into the atrium with contraction, due to thickening
of the valve leaflets.
It is caused by calcium deposits forming around the rim of the valve, which reduces the
flexibility of the valve.
It is a failure of the valve to close properly, due to damage to the chordae tendineae that
anchor the valve leaflets.
It is a thickening and narrowing of the valve that decreases the ability of blood to move
through the valve. - ANS - It is a thickening and narrowing of the valve that decreases
the ability of blood to move through the valve.
A patient asks the provider about a new diagnosis of aortic stenosis. What does the
provider explain about stenosis?
,It is caused by calcium deposits forming around the rim of the valve, which reduces the
flexibility of the valve.
It describes the valve leaflets shifting into the atrium with contraction, due to thickening
of the valve leaflets.
It is a thickening and narrowing of the valve that decreases the ability of blood to move
through the valve.
It is a failure of the valve to close properly, due to damage to the chordae tendineae that
anchor the valve leaflets. - ANS - It is a thickening and narrowing of the valve that
decreases the ability of blood to move through the valve.
**A narrowing or stricture to the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and may
also affect the pressure in the left atrium.
A patient describes experiencing intermittent episodes of chest pain associated with
activity. The chest pain resolves within 4-5 minutes with rest or the administration of
nitroglycerin. What is the patient experiencing? Choose 2 responses.
Stable angina
Unstable angina
Prinzmetal angina
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial ischemia - ANS - Stable angina
Myocardial ischemia
**Chest pain that is consistently triggered by activity and resolves with rest or
nitroglycerin within a short time period is stable angina. The chest pain is a symptom of
myocardial ischemia—the heart is not receiving enough blood flow during the time
period when the patient is experiencing pain.
A patient has been diagnosed with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and will be
undergoing hemodialysis. What is true about hemodialysis?
, It involves infusing dialysate solution into the abdominal cavity.
It slowly filters the blood over a 24-hour cycle.
It can cause significant fluid shifts and place the client at risk for hypotension.
It can be administered at the bedside via peripheral intravenous access. - ANS - It can
cause significant fluid shifts and place a patient at risk for hypotension.
**Hemodialysis is performed over a relatively short period and can cause large fluid
shifts, resulting in hypotension.
A patient has been diagnosed with pyelonephritis and asks the provider to explain the
condition. What is the best response from the provider? - ANS - "Pyelonephritis is an
infection of the kidney that most commonly is caused by a bacterium called E. coli."
#Inflammation of the kidneys
#Tx: antibiotics, usually hospitalization
A patient has been diagnosed with renal cancer. What manifestations would the
provider expect to see? - ANS - Hematuria
A patient is diagnosed with a pituitary tumor. Which disorders could develop as a result
of this tumor? Choose 3 answers.
Graves' disease
Diabetes insipidus
Acromegaly
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Thyroid nodules - ANS - Diabetes insipidus
Acromegaly
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
