PLTW Biomedical Science Unit 3 Test
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Explain the function of each of the major blood components - CORRECT ANSWER -
Plasma- Job is to transport blood cells throughout your body along with nutrients and proteins
that help maintain the body's fluid balance.
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)- Contain Hemoglobin, which helps carry oxygen from the lungs
to the rest of the body.
White Blood Cells(leukocytes)- Protect the body from infection.
Platelets(thrombocytes)- Help with the blood clotting proccess, by gathering at the site of an
injury.
What are platelets? - CORRECT ANSWER - Small fragments of cells
What are white blood cells called? - CORRECT ANSWER - leukocytes
What is anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Anemia is a deficiency in red blood cells or
hemoglobin.
What is a Hematocrit, how is it tested, what can we learn from this? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the volume total volume of
blood. It is tested by taking small blood samples. It helps diagnose anemia, and leukemia
Compare normal vs. sickle-shaped red blood cells - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Normal:
Circular shape
2. Sickle-shaped: Cresent moon, or sickle shape
How do sickle-shaped red blood cells lead to decreased oxygen flow to the body tissues? -
CORRECT ANSWER - The sickle shape can cause a blockage in small blood vessel,
which makes it harder for oxygen to travel through the body
, What is sickle cell disease? - CORRECT ANSWER - It is an inherited blood disorder that
causes the change in the primary structure of the hemoglobin, and it makes the cells look like
sickles.
Why does the sickling of red blood cells of red blood cells cause health problems? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1. The sickle shape of the red blood cells makes it harder for the blood to
travel through the body
2. The sickle shape can also cause blockages stopping the flow of red blood cells
What is sickle cell anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - A mutation in a gene causes a
problem making the hemoglobin of the red blood cells. It's a genetic disorder causing red blood
cells to be rod/sickle shaped. This causes them to get stuck in capillaries and the bodies cells
become deprived of oxygen
How is anemia diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hematocrit(amount of red blood
cells) Test: complete blood cell count: 30% or lower is anemic.
How does sickle cell disease affect daily life? - CORRECT ANSWER - Loss of spleen,
higher risk of stroke, shortness of breath, anemia (because cells die faster), pain (because of
clots)
Explain the Process of protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - mRNA attaches to
ribosome; rRNA reads the mRNA and translates it into an amino acid which the tRNA gets and
takes to the rRNA and attaches to previous amino acids to make the protein chain
Explain how changes in the b-globin protein are due to mutation associated with sickle cell
disease - CORRECT ANSWER - The sickling happens when the polymers of Hb A modify
the red cell's structure
Demonstrate transcription and translation to create a protein - CORRECT ANSWER -
Transcription- first of several steps of DNA based gene expression, in which a particular segment
of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Explain the function of each of the major blood components - CORRECT ANSWER -
Plasma- Job is to transport blood cells throughout your body along with nutrients and proteins
that help maintain the body's fluid balance.
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)- Contain Hemoglobin, which helps carry oxygen from the lungs
to the rest of the body.
White Blood Cells(leukocytes)- Protect the body from infection.
Platelets(thrombocytes)- Help with the blood clotting proccess, by gathering at the site of an
injury.
What are platelets? - CORRECT ANSWER - Small fragments of cells
What are white blood cells called? - CORRECT ANSWER - leukocytes
What is anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Anemia is a deficiency in red blood cells or
hemoglobin.
What is a Hematocrit, how is it tested, what can we learn from this? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the volume total volume of
blood. It is tested by taking small blood samples. It helps diagnose anemia, and leukemia
Compare normal vs. sickle-shaped red blood cells - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Normal:
Circular shape
2. Sickle-shaped: Cresent moon, or sickle shape
How do sickle-shaped red blood cells lead to decreased oxygen flow to the body tissues? -
CORRECT ANSWER - The sickle shape can cause a blockage in small blood vessel,
which makes it harder for oxygen to travel through the body
, What is sickle cell disease? - CORRECT ANSWER - It is an inherited blood disorder that
causes the change in the primary structure of the hemoglobin, and it makes the cells look like
sickles.
Why does the sickling of red blood cells of red blood cells cause health problems? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1. The sickle shape of the red blood cells makes it harder for the blood to
travel through the body
2. The sickle shape can also cause blockages stopping the flow of red blood cells
What is sickle cell anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - A mutation in a gene causes a
problem making the hemoglobin of the red blood cells. It's a genetic disorder causing red blood
cells to be rod/sickle shaped. This causes them to get stuck in capillaries and the bodies cells
become deprived of oxygen
How is anemia diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hematocrit(amount of red blood
cells) Test: complete blood cell count: 30% or lower is anemic.
How does sickle cell disease affect daily life? - CORRECT ANSWER - Loss of spleen,
higher risk of stroke, shortness of breath, anemia (because cells die faster), pain (because of
clots)
Explain the Process of protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - mRNA attaches to
ribosome; rRNA reads the mRNA and translates it into an amino acid which the tRNA gets and
takes to the rRNA and attaches to previous amino acids to make the protein chain
Explain how changes in the b-globin protein are due to mutation associated with sickle cell
disease - CORRECT ANSWER - The sickling happens when the polymers of Hb A modify
the red cell's structure
Demonstrate transcription and translation to create a protein - CORRECT ANSWER -
Transcription- first of several steps of DNA based gene expression, in which a particular segment
of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase
