Nurs 246- Exam 3 2025 With Correct Answers.

Nurs 246- Exam 3 2025 With Correct Answers




What is the angle of Louis? - correct answer •Joint formed by the articulation between the manubrium
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and the body of the sternum
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•Where the sternum and second ribs meet
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midaxillary line - correct answer An imaginary vertical line that starts at the middle of the axilla
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(armpit) and extends down the side of the chest.
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2



What do we listen for in the lateral thorax? And what should it sound like? - correct answer Lateral
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thorax

◦Vesicular sounds i




◦Softer lower pitch and found in the thorax
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,what do we inspect for in the anterior thorax for? Posterior thorax for? and describe them - correct
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answer inspect the same things anteriorly and posteriorly
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Observe accessory muscles. i i




◦Should not see pt working to breathe i i i i i i




•Observe for pts breathing patterns i i i i




•Look at neck muscles for inappropriate movement during breathing
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•And adults should not be using abdominal muscles to breath (this is different for peds and infants)
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Palpate muscles and skeleton. i i i




Compare right and left sides. i i i i




◦Should be equal bilaterally i i i




Auscultate for bronchial sounds. i i i




◦Normally heard over the trachea i i i i




•Look for mucus secretions at lower lobes bc it is where gravity pulls it
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How many lobes in the right lung? How many lobes in the left? why? - correct answer 3 lobes in the right
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2 lobes in the left
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left is smaller bc hear occupies that side of rib cage
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are lung sounds better heard anteriorly or posteriorly? - correct answer better hear posteriorly
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,where is the 1st rib found? - correct answer under and above the clavicle
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upper parts of lung found here to
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visual signs that someone is struggling to breath - correct answer restlessness
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nasal flaringi i




supraclavicular retraction i i




belly breathing in adults
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head bobbing in infants
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cyanosis i




intercostal space retraction i i i




decreased LOC i




what controls rate and depth of respiration in response to changing tissue demands - correct answer
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Neural and chemical regulators i i i




what system transports O2 through the body? - correct answer cardiovascular system
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Describe inspiration? Expiration? which is typically passive? - correct answer Inspiration
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◦Diaphragm contracts increasing lung volume i i i i




Expiration

◦Passive

◦Diaphragm relaxes decreasing lung volume i i i i




What is surfactant and its function? What things can alter surfactant? - correct answer ◦Chemical that
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keeps alveoli from collapsing
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◦Some babies born to early can lack proper surfactant and their lung can collapse
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, ◦Chronic diseases (like COPD or rib injury) can alter surfactant production
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Or congestive heart failure (fluid occupies space)
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what 2 major things are required to keep alveoli open? what can happen if pt in pain from fractured
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rib? what is it called when alveoli collapse? what is used to prevent lung collapsing? - correct answer
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surfactant and positive pressure i i i i




when pt has fractured rib, they don't take deep breaths and alveoli are susepticable to collapsing
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atelectasis i




Use a incentive spirometers to help expanding lungs (helps decrease risk of pneumonia
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Compliance vs resistance - correct answer Compliance i i i i i i




◦Ability of lungs to expand and distend. It decreases with pulmonary edema plural fibrosis and
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congeneraler abnormalities such as kyphosis or broken ribs i i i i i i i




Resistance

◦Broncial constriction can increase resisotance i i i i




-Things like COPD i i




◦When resistance increases oxygen delivery decreases
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◦Chemical injury can increase resistance (swelling restricts air flow
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Factors Affecting Oxygenation: Physiological factors and examples (4)? Conditions affecting chest
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wall movement? Chronic diseases - correct answer Physiological factors
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◦Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity i i




->Anemia, decreased hemoglobin, carbon monoxide poisoning (pulse ox will look fine)
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