Translation and Genetic Code Notes

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Translation and the Genetic
Code
Created @February 20, 2025 8:28 PM

Class Cells to Systems

During bacterial protein synthesis, ribosome areas are targeted by
antibiotics

Initiation

Initiation

Elongation

Peptide - bond formation

tRNA’s translocation

Chain elongation

Termination

Recycling




Protein Synthesis

Occurs in compilation of proteins and RNA molecules (Ribosome)

Process involves translation

Lots of tRNA’s interact with mRNA

Each tRNA contains one of 20 amino acids provided by 20 different
aminoactyl tRNA synthetases


Translation and the Genetic Code 1

, Needs 12 protein factors for initiation, elongation and translation
termination

100 additional enzymes carry out protein mods




Crick’s Adaptor Hypothesis

Protein Synthesis theory

Template is RNA

Template requires info on nucleotide triplet codes

Amino acid carried to template using adaptor

Adaptors inside nucleotides




Genetic Code

Doesn’t overlap with amino acids

Contains polypeptide initiation and termination

Confirmed by ‘3 nucleotides’ RNA codons




Properties of Genetic Code

Made of nucleotide triplets

Non-overlapping

No commas

Start and stop signals

Almost universal

Degenerates and becomes redundant



Translation and the Genetic Code 2