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PH 3462025- 2026 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS)
/ALREADY GRADED A+
Quiz: 3 R's of animal research
Ans: Replacement- replace animal with human cells, most don't agree w
this
Reduction- keep number of animals as small as possible
Refinement- fine tune experiments to limit waste and stress on animals
Quiz: Zebrafish Model
Ans: George Stridinger- University of oregon
Christiane Nusslein Volhard- Germany
both used zebrafish model in research. zebrafish anatomy very similar to
humans, are transparent so easy to study molecular biology and more
Quiz: How do u use punnet square
Ans: box lol
Quiz: Victor Hamburger
Ans: founder of modern vertebrate neuroembryology "embryo is our
teacher". found the start things in chick's and zebradish "spontaneous
, locomotion" like baby kick in pregnancy. also discovered cell death in
normal development, this is called programmed cell death, PCD
Quiz: How many cells in C. elegans (hermaphrodite vs males)
Ans: 959 hermaphrodite, 1031 cells male
Quiz: C. elegans cell death
Ans: 131 cells die, basically the same as human cell death. C. elegans
good model to study cell death (Sydney brenner- advocate for this
model)
Quiz: Green florescent protein GFP
Ans: from jellyfish, Martin Chelfie won Nobel prize, watch cells develop
transgenic worm- worm that has been engineered to have GFP in body from
jellyfish
Quiz: Cell death pathways worm
Ans: inhibit CED9, cell dies
activate CED9, cell lives
activate CED3 and 4, cell death
Quiz: Cell death pathways mammal
Ans: inhibit bcl2- apaf1-caspace9-> get apoptosis
Quiz: Apoptosis
Examstudy - Stuvia US
, Ans: cell death
Quiz: BMP4
Ans: causes cell death
Quiz: Gremlin
Ans: inhibits BMPs. if gremlin up, BMP down; digits in hand do not develop
correctly (webbed)
Quiz: Toxins vs toxicants
Ans: naturally occuring-toxins
synthetic bad chemicals-toxicants
Quiz: toxicology is studied from?
Ans: population to cells
Quiz: who said "dose makes the poison"
Ans: parcelus- the father of toxicology
Quiz: dose-reponse
Ans: quantifies exposure and effects
Quiz: What are exposure routes in adults?
Ans: dermal, oral, cut skin, eyes, inhalation
Examstudy - Stuvia US