PHARM EXAM 2 REVIEW (Review weeks 3&4, exam is heavily based on these concepts)
Nitrates – vasodilate, cause decrease in BP
- Side effects: HA, orthostatic hypotension (dangle legs at bedside before getting OOB)
- Do not take with Viagra (sildenafil)
- Remove patches in the evening (and before applying new one) to prevent tolerance
- Call 911 if first dose does not relieve the pain in 5 mins; take total of SL pills in 15 mins.
PRIOR TO ADMINISTERING ANY HEART MED, ALWAYS CHECK BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEARTRATE
Clonidine (Catapres)
- Used to treat HTN
- Never stop abruptly, can cause rebound HTN
CaChannel Blockers – used to decrease HR & BP
- Should not be taken with grapefruit or grapefruit juice (increases CCB in the blood)
- Causes hypotension
- Increase fiber to reduce constipation
- Verapimil used for SVT; can cause hypotension; it is a vasodilator
- Should not be taken with grapefruit or grapefruit juice (increases CCB in the blood)
ACE inhibitors (-prils) – used for HTN and heart failure
- side effect is dry cough, this is NORMAL; angioedema (swelling of face and/or throat, this is an
emergency); elevated vit K; dizziness; orthostatic hypotension
- Take on empty stomach
- Do not suddenly stop medication, can cause REBOUND HTN
Beta Blockers (-olol) (propranolol, metoprolol)
- Used for HTN, stabile angina, chronic heart failure (not acute), dysrhythmias
- Side effects: bradycardia, bronchi spasms, masks s&s of hypoglycemia; hypotension; constipation
- Usually prescribed after a heart attack
Anticholingerics – cause dry eyes, dry mouth, and drowsiness
Antilipidemics (-statins)
- Decrease cholesterol
- Take in the evening
- Can cause muscle pain/rhabdomyolysis
- Monitor liver function
- Should not be taken with grapefruit or grapefruit juice
- Statins are not safe in pregnancy (pregnancy category X and should not be taken while
breastfeeding)
- HMG-COA Reductase inhibitors
Digoxin – PO & IV – small therapeutic index = high probability of toxicity
- Used for heart failure, cardiogenic shock, Afib
- Inotropic activity = increased cardiac output
- Low ejection fraction = give Dig
Nitrates – vasodilate, cause decrease in BP
- Side effects: HA, orthostatic hypotension (dangle legs at bedside before getting OOB)
- Do not take with Viagra (sildenafil)
- Remove patches in the evening (and before applying new one) to prevent tolerance
- Call 911 if first dose does not relieve the pain in 5 mins; take total of SL pills in 15 mins.
PRIOR TO ADMINISTERING ANY HEART MED, ALWAYS CHECK BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEARTRATE
Clonidine (Catapres)
- Used to treat HTN
- Never stop abruptly, can cause rebound HTN
CaChannel Blockers – used to decrease HR & BP
- Should not be taken with grapefruit or grapefruit juice (increases CCB in the blood)
- Causes hypotension
- Increase fiber to reduce constipation
- Verapimil used for SVT; can cause hypotension; it is a vasodilator
- Should not be taken with grapefruit or grapefruit juice (increases CCB in the blood)
ACE inhibitors (-prils) – used for HTN and heart failure
- side effect is dry cough, this is NORMAL; angioedema (swelling of face and/or throat, this is an
emergency); elevated vit K; dizziness; orthostatic hypotension
- Take on empty stomach
- Do not suddenly stop medication, can cause REBOUND HTN
Beta Blockers (-olol) (propranolol, metoprolol)
- Used for HTN, stabile angina, chronic heart failure (not acute), dysrhythmias
- Side effects: bradycardia, bronchi spasms, masks s&s of hypoglycemia; hypotension; constipation
- Usually prescribed after a heart attack
Anticholingerics – cause dry eyes, dry mouth, and drowsiness
Antilipidemics (-statins)
- Decrease cholesterol
- Take in the evening
- Can cause muscle pain/rhabdomyolysis
- Monitor liver function
- Should not be taken with grapefruit or grapefruit juice
- Statins are not safe in pregnancy (pregnancy category X and should not be taken while
breastfeeding)
- HMG-COA Reductase inhibitors
Digoxin – PO & IV – small therapeutic index = high probability of toxicity
- Used for heart failure, cardiogenic shock, Afib
- Inotropic activity = increased cardiac output
- Low ejection fraction = give Dig
