Nutrition - ANSWER the body's intake and use of adequate amounts of
necessary nutrients for tissue growth and energy production and its impact on
health and disease
Nutrients - ANSWER necessary substances obtained from ingested food that
supply the body with energy; build and maintain bones, muscles and skin; and
aid in the normal growth and function of each body system
Malnutrition - ANSWER an imbalance in the amount of nutrient intake and the
body's needs
Obesity - ANSWER the result of a person's energy intake consistently
exceeding energy use
Macronutrients - ANSWER water, carbs, fats, proteins
Micronutrients - ANSWER minerals, vitamins
Phytochemicals - ANSWER non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective
or disease preventative properties; non-essential nutrients (carotenoids,
flavanoids,lycopene)
Sarcopenia - ANSWER loss of muscle mass
Anasarca - ANSWER severe generalized edema in the subcutaneous layer;
third spacing
Hypoalbuminemia - ANSWER insufficient circulating protein in the blood
Protein - ANSWER component of every cell in the body; facilitates growth
and repair of tissues; deficiency can lead to stunted growth and poor weight
gain
, Carbohydrates - ANSWER primary source of fuel and energy; deficiency can
result in low energy and use of dietary protein as a fuel substrate, weight loss
and accumulation of ketones
Fat - ANSWER source of "fatty" acid necessary for growth and development,
deficiency effects all cellular membranes and is particularly a problem with
premature infants
Fiber - ANSWER complex carb classified as soluble or insoluble; should
consume 20-35 grams per day
Water - ANSWER control body temperature, maintain acid-base balance,
regulate fluid electrolytes, transport nutrients and waste. when lost and not
replaced blood volume diminished, oxygen, nutrients and waste cannot move
Vitamins - ANSWER organic compounds that contribute to important
metabolic and physiologic funcitons with in the body
Minerals - ANSWER Potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus and
magnesium
The nurse is assessing a group of patients to determine their risk of vitamin D
deficiency. Which of the following patients has the highest risk for vitamin D
deficiency?
A. A Caucasian female who is 39 weeks gestation
B.An African-American female who is breastfeeding
C.An Asian female diagnosed with hypoglycemia
D.A Hispanic female who has a BMI of 24.1 - ANSWER B.
Vitamin D deficiency is more frequently found among persons of African
heritage and has increased in prevalence, especially among the infants of
breastfeeding African-American mothers. Caucasian females do not share these
risk factors. There is no known risk of hypoglycemia and vitamin D deficiency
however, diabetes increases the risk for vitamin D deficiency. There is no
known risk of vitamin D deficiency in normal-weight females of Hispanic
heritage, however, obesity is a risk factor.
necessary nutrients for tissue growth and energy production and its impact on
health and disease
Nutrients - ANSWER necessary substances obtained from ingested food that
supply the body with energy; build and maintain bones, muscles and skin; and
aid in the normal growth and function of each body system
Malnutrition - ANSWER an imbalance in the amount of nutrient intake and the
body's needs
Obesity - ANSWER the result of a person's energy intake consistently
exceeding energy use
Macronutrients - ANSWER water, carbs, fats, proteins
Micronutrients - ANSWER minerals, vitamins
Phytochemicals - ANSWER non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective
or disease preventative properties; non-essential nutrients (carotenoids,
flavanoids,lycopene)
Sarcopenia - ANSWER loss of muscle mass
Anasarca - ANSWER severe generalized edema in the subcutaneous layer;
third spacing
Hypoalbuminemia - ANSWER insufficient circulating protein in the blood
Protein - ANSWER component of every cell in the body; facilitates growth
and repair of tissues; deficiency can lead to stunted growth and poor weight
gain
, Carbohydrates - ANSWER primary source of fuel and energy; deficiency can
result in low energy and use of dietary protein as a fuel substrate, weight loss
and accumulation of ketones
Fat - ANSWER source of "fatty" acid necessary for growth and development,
deficiency effects all cellular membranes and is particularly a problem with
premature infants
Fiber - ANSWER complex carb classified as soluble or insoluble; should
consume 20-35 grams per day
Water - ANSWER control body temperature, maintain acid-base balance,
regulate fluid electrolytes, transport nutrients and waste. when lost and not
replaced blood volume diminished, oxygen, nutrients and waste cannot move
Vitamins - ANSWER organic compounds that contribute to important
metabolic and physiologic funcitons with in the body
Minerals - ANSWER Potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus and
magnesium
The nurse is assessing a group of patients to determine their risk of vitamin D
deficiency. Which of the following patients has the highest risk for vitamin D
deficiency?
A. A Caucasian female who is 39 weeks gestation
B.An African-American female who is breastfeeding
C.An Asian female diagnosed with hypoglycemia
D.A Hispanic female who has a BMI of 24.1 - ANSWER B.
Vitamin D deficiency is more frequently found among persons of African
heritage and has increased in prevalence, especially among the infants of
breastfeeding African-American mothers. Caucasian females do not share these
risk factors. There is no known risk of hypoglycemia and vitamin D deficiency
however, diabetes increases the risk for vitamin D deficiency. There is no
known risk of vitamin D deficiency in normal-weight females of Hispanic
heritage, however, obesity is a risk factor.
