Advanced Pathophysiology Final Questions & Answers

Irreversible cellular injury causes - ANSWERScell death Individuals with autoimmune disorders are likely to exhibit - ANSWERSmultiple disorders versus isolated issues. 4 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - ANSWERSheat, swelling, pain, redness The Compliment System activates - ANSWERSall other immune components/cascades The Clotting System's final step - ANSWERSdevelopment of a fibronous mesh Type of cells released in relation to asthma or allergies - ANSWERSbasophils Cell type that recognizes and eliminates viral-infected cells - ANSWERSNatural Killer Cells Monocytes evolve into - ANSWERSmacrophages Autodigestion of lipids, carbs and protein - ANSWERSlysosome Complex cellular organization & well-defined nucleus - ANSWERSEukaryote the plasma membrane engulfs substances from the outside cell - ANSWERSEndocytosis cell drinks fluids and solutes. - ANSWERSPinocytosis cell eats substances such as bacteria - ANSWERSPhagocytosis discharge or secretion of materials through intracellular vesicles - ANSWERSExocytosis Abnormal __ are found in tumor cells - ANSWERSglycoproteins (carbs) - exposure to prolonged irritants such as cigarette smoke, normal epithelial columnar ciliated cells are replaced with stratified squamous cells. - ANSWERSMetaplasia deranged cellular growth - ANSWERSDysplasia Inflammatory response initiated with cellular injury. Cells release - ANSWERShistamines HIV causes what cell destruction? - ANSWERSCD4 Cell and T Cell destruction What type of infection bacterial, fungal, viral remains localized in healthy individuals? - ANSWERSFungal Type of bacteria that lack a rigid cell wall and are small and pleomorphic. - ANSWERSMicoplasma Polyuria that occurs with diabetes mellitus is the result of: - ANSWERSElevated Serum Glucose Excessive aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex results in increased - ANSWERSIncreased Na+ and Ca- reabsorption A patient with scrotal inflammation, fever, and severe pain but no UTI symptoms has - ANSWERSacute orchitis Pituitary gland overactivity and excessive secretion of hormones is most often caused by - ANSWERSa pituitary adenoma Patients with hyperparathyroidism should be monitored for which of the following serum abnormalities? - ANSWERShypercalcemia In Type 1 prostatitis, the patient has a very large inflamed prostate gland that can either be firm or boggy, This type of prostatitis is - ANSWERSAcute Bacterial In Graves' disease, serum TSH is usually - ANSWERSlow All of the following can contribute to a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) except - ANSWERShypoglycemia and anorexia When a female is positive for this parasite, her male partner could also be infected - ANSWERStrichinosis Although patients can experience singular or clustered genital warts, the greater risk of the development of cervical or other genital cancers - ANSWERSHPV This is the second most common STI and can produce mucopurulent conjunctivitis: - ANSWERSChlamydia The epididymis becomes infected when pathogenic microorganisms - ANSWERSepididmysis Withdrawing exogenous steroids too quickly can result in which of the following adrenal cortex problems? - ANSWERSInadequate ACTH secretion Which breast disorder is characterized by bilateral nodularity and breast tenderness that waxes and wanes with menstruation? - ANSWERSFibrocystic changes What are the effects of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? - ANSWERSSolute dilution and water retention Chronic hypoxia in diabetes mellitus can lead to - ANSWERSchronic neuropathy responds to normal influence the same as the healthy intrauterine endometrial tissue with proliferation and breakdown- bleeds with the normal menstrual cycle - ANSWERSendometriosis Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of a complicated atherosclerotic lesion? - ANSWERSCholesterol core with fibrous tissue and cellular debris Thromboangiitis obliterans is characterized by: - ANSWERSFormation of nonatherosclerotic arterial lesions The most common cause of infection related cardiac valve disease : - ANSWERSUntreated streptococcal pharyngitis the patient reports recurrent, predictable chest pain. - ANSWERSstable angina The inability of the left atrium to empty into the left ventricle through a rigid narrowed valve is: - ANSWERSMitral Valve Stenosis In the absence of prolonged infection, neutropenia may result from - ANSWERSDecreased neutrophil survival The underlying disorder for this anemia is defective secretion of intrinsic factor, essential for the reabsorption of Vitamin B12: - ANSWERSPernicious Anemia