FLS Module 1 Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
What are available laparoscope diameters? - ✔✔2-10mm
What degree scope is best for a field of view in-line with a port? - ✔✔Zero degree
What is the most commonly used light source? - ✔✔300 W Xenon lamp
What if there is initial low pressure and high flow rate at entry? - ✔✔There may be a
leak in the insufflator circuit. Check all connections.
Benefits of Monopolar energy. - ✔✔Tissue heated quickly. Less thermal
spread/coagulation.
Monopolar voltage/frequency - ✔✔Low voltage, High frequency
What does coagulation mode do? - ✔✔Rapid surface heating with shallow depth of
necrosis. intermittent wave form with higher voltage.
What are some risks of monopolar energy? - ✔✔Current can be diverted through
unintentional pathways leading to inadvertent tissue injury. To avoid this, do not use
"hybrid" ports that mix plastic with metal.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,How does a grounding pad avoid injury with monopolar energy? - ✔✔Grounding pads
help avoid capacitative coupling. This happens when two conductors are separated by
an insulator and the passive electrode stores energy that can be released with tissue
injury. The grounding pad inhibits the passive electrode from storing energy.
Benefits of bipolar energy. - ✔✔- Lower risk of inadvertent injury.
- Produces less thermal spread and necrosis.
- No grounding pad necessary.
- Works in a "wet" operative field.
Risks of bipolar energy. - ✔✔May cut patent blood vessels before adequate sealing.
Device will not work if there is metal between the jaws.
Risk of ultrasonic dissection (harmonic). - ✔✔The active blade can inadvertently injure
something due to high frequency (50mHz).
Does aspirin need to be discontinued day of surgery. - ✔✔No
How to best enter a patient with bowel obstruction. - ✔✔Direct visualization.
Cut vs Coag - ✔✔Cut: Heats tissue quickly to convert cell water to steam, lysing the cell.
Coag - Heat more widely dispersed, less cutting.
Benefits of "Cut mode" - ✔✔- Low voltage
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, - High frequency
- Continuous waveform
- Heats tissue quickly. Cell water converts to steam and causes the cell to lyse/explode.
Benefits of "Coagulation mode" - ✔✔- High voltage
- Low frequency
- Intermittent waveform
- Rapid tissue heating, shallow depth of necrosis.
- Non-contact. Relies on sparking to tissue.
What is direct coupling? - ✔✔When a monopolar instrument is in direct contact with
another metal instrument and energy is transferred.
What are other dangers of energy use besides direct and capacitative coupling? - ✔✔-
Current diversion
- Narrow return circuit.
Bipolar seals vessels up to _____ mm in diameter. - ✔✔7mm
Ultrasonic coagulation shears seal vessels up to _____mm in diameter. - ✔✔5mm
Benefits of Ultrasonic Coagulation shears. - ✔✔- Combo compression and friction.
- One active blade.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
Answers 100% Pass
What are available laparoscope diameters? - ✔✔2-10mm
What degree scope is best for a field of view in-line with a port? - ✔✔Zero degree
What is the most commonly used light source? - ✔✔300 W Xenon lamp
What if there is initial low pressure and high flow rate at entry? - ✔✔There may be a
leak in the insufflator circuit. Check all connections.
Benefits of Monopolar energy. - ✔✔Tissue heated quickly. Less thermal
spread/coagulation.
Monopolar voltage/frequency - ✔✔Low voltage, High frequency
What does coagulation mode do? - ✔✔Rapid surface heating with shallow depth of
necrosis. intermittent wave form with higher voltage.
What are some risks of monopolar energy? - ✔✔Current can be diverted through
unintentional pathways leading to inadvertent tissue injury. To avoid this, do not use
"hybrid" ports that mix plastic with metal.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,How does a grounding pad avoid injury with monopolar energy? - ✔✔Grounding pads
help avoid capacitative coupling. This happens when two conductors are separated by
an insulator and the passive electrode stores energy that can be released with tissue
injury. The grounding pad inhibits the passive electrode from storing energy.
Benefits of bipolar energy. - ✔✔- Lower risk of inadvertent injury.
- Produces less thermal spread and necrosis.
- No grounding pad necessary.
- Works in a "wet" operative field.
Risks of bipolar energy. - ✔✔May cut patent blood vessels before adequate sealing.
Device will not work if there is metal between the jaws.
Risk of ultrasonic dissection (harmonic). - ✔✔The active blade can inadvertently injure
something due to high frequency (50mHz).
Does aspirin need to be discontinued day of surgery. - ✔✔No
How to best enter a patient with bowel obstruction. - ✔✔Direct visualization.
Cut vs Coag - ✔✔Cut: Heats tissue quickly to convert cell water to steam, lysing the cell.
Coag - Heat more widely dispersed, less cutting.
Benefits of "Cut mode" - ✔✔- Low voltage
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, - High frequency
- Continuous waveform
- Heats tissue quickly. Cell water converts to steam and causes the cell to lyse/explode.
Benefits of "Coagulation mode" - ✔✔- High voltage
- Low frequency
- Intermittent waveform
- Rapid tissue heating, shallow depth of necrosis.
- Non-contact. Relies on sparking to tissue.
What is direct coupling? - ✔✔When a monopolar instrument is in direct contact with
another metal instrument and energy is transferred.
What are other dangers of energy use besides direct and capacitative coupling? - ✔✔-
Current diversion
- Narrow return circuit.
Bipolar seals vessels up to _____ mm in diameter. - ✔✔7mm
Ultrasonic coagulation shears seal vessels up to _____mm in diameter. - ✔✔5mm
Benefits of Ultrasonic Coagulation shears. - ✔✔- Combo compression and friction.
- One active blade.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
