Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Questions & Answers

physiologic jaundice - ANSWERSA 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and icterus. Your concern is that this child may have: a. physiologic jaundice b. kernicterus c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency d. pathologic jaundice Lysosomes - ANSWERSWhich cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury? a. lysosomes b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi c reticulum d. golgi complex Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction? A) lysosomes B) peroxisomes C) ribosomes D) oxyhydrosomes - ANSWERSAns: B- peroxisomes Contain organelles and complex internal membranes - ANSWERSThe difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes: a. all of these answers are correct b. are smaller in size c. contain organelles d. have no nuclear membrane What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthese B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure - ANSWERSAns: B- influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell - ANSWERSWhich of the following is function of Golgi? a. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell b. Produces ATP for cell function c. Contains hydrolytic enzymes d. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of apoptosis? A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies - ANSWERSAns: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because: A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because: B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell - ANSWERSAns: C- the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell - ANSWERSWhich of the following is function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? a. Contains hydrolytic enzymes b. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell c. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell d. Produces ATP for cell function Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because: A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than thos of lean adults D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively - ANSWERSAns: A- adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling Epigenetic modifications - ANSWERSWhat genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair of identical twins? a. genomic imprinting b. epigenetic modifications c. methylation d. transgenerational inheritance RNA is synthesized from a DNA template - ANSWERSTranscription is best defined as a process by which a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA. c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis d. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template nondisjunction error - ANSWERSWhat is the most common cause of Down syndrome? a. paternal translocation b. paternal viral illness c. nondisjunction error d. maternal viral illness klinefelter - ANSWERSA person with XXXY has the genetic disorder called __________ syndrome. a. down b. fragile x c. klinefelter d. turner autosomal recessive - ANSWERSCystic fibrosis is caused by an __________________ gene. a. x-linked dominant b. autosomal recessive c. autosomal dominant d. x-linked recessive What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia? A) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink B) high sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels into the brain cells, causing them to swell C) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of the brain cells, which slows the synapses in the brain D) high sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the brain cells followed by water, causing the brain cells to swell - ANSWERSAns: A- high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink mitochondria - ANSWERSOrganelle that contains the code needed for oxidative phosphorylation is: a. mitochondria b. lysosomes c. nucleus d. vacuoles Apoptosis - ANSWERSProgrammed cell death is an active process of cellular self-destruction. It is also referred to as a. apoptosis b. necrosis c. metastatic calcification d. gangrene Histones - ANSWERSThe nucleolus is a small dense structure composed mainly of RNA and cellular DNA. What causes the DNA to bind and fold into chromosomes? a. amino acid sequences b. histones c. polymerase d. miRNA x-linked recessive disease - ANSWERSDuchenne's Muscular Dystrophy is never transmitted from father to son. It is a good example of a. sex-linked recessive disease b. autosomal dominant disease c. x-linked recessive disease d. chromosome structure abnormality disease Eosinophils - ANSWERSWhich cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion? a. t lymphocytes b. neutrophils c. eosinophils d. b lymphocytes classic - ANSWERSWhich pathway in the complement system is activated by an antigen-antibody response? a. lectin b. classic c. alternative d. none of the above