ICT
PROGRAMMING CYCLE
What is the programming cycle?
The program cycle is a series of steps that your program repeats until an end-of-file condition is
reached.Depending on the specifications you code, the program may or may not use each step
in the cycle.
Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC)
The process contains the five phases of program development: analyzing, designing, coding,
debugging and testing, and implementing and maintaining application software/program.
5 STEPS OF PROGRAMMING CYCLE
1. Problem Analysis
Methodical investigation of a problem and the separation of the problem into smaller related
units for further detailed study.
STEPS
a. Define the Problem and the users
b. Determining the Desired Outputs
c. Determining the Desired Inputs
d. Determine the Desired Processing
e. Double-Check the feasibility of implementing the program.
f. Document the Analysis
2. Program Design
Selecting the best method for solving the problem. Involves determining the sequence of
processing steps within individual programs including Algorithm using Pseudocoding and
Flowcharting
• Determine the program logic using a top-down approach and modularization.
Design details using algorithm, flowchart and Pseudocode.
• Do a structured walkthrough
• Determine the program logic using a top-down approach and modularization.
Design details using algorithm, flowchart and Pseudocode
Algorithm - A list of instructions for carrying out some process step by step.
Flowchart - A visual outline of an algorithm in which the steps and processes to be followed are
represented by symbols.
Pseudocode - An algorithm written in normal human-language statements to describe the logic
and processing flow of the program.
, Sample Pseudocode
1. Read name, hourly rate, hours worked, deductions
2. Calculate: Gross pay=hourly rate multiplied by number of hours worked
Calculate: Net pay= Gross pay minus deductions
3. Write name, Gross Pay, Net pay
Sample of Algorithm
1. Get the following data from the user: employee's name, hourly rate, number of hours worked
and deductions.
2. Calculate the employee's gross pay and net pay
3. Display the employee's name, gross pay and net pay
3. Program Coding
Programmer converts the steps depicted in the program flow chart into readable instructions
that make up the actual program. Can be written at Machine or High Level programming
Languages.
Select the Appropriate Programming Language. (Basic, C++, Visual Basic, Java)
Follow the Syntax (Syntax is the grammar of the programming language. It contains rules
governing the structure and content of the statements.)
4. Program Testing & Debugging
Program testing involves running various tests, such as desk-checking and debugging (These
two are called alpha testing) and then running actual or real data to make sure the program
works.
Steps
Perform desk checking - this is simply reading through (proofreading) or manually testing, the
solution design to make sure that it is free of errors and that the logic works.
Debug the Program
Run Real Data
Debug the Program - After desk-checking, the programmer needs to compile the source code
to convert it into an object code.
A source code refers to the instructions in a programming language.
An object code refers to the instructions in a machine language, which is the language of the
computer.
The process of converting a source code into an object code is called compilation.
During compilation, some errors (called bugs) may be encountered, causing the program's
failure to produce the desired output.
The programmer needs to go through the process of detecting, locating and removing these
errors (the process is called debugging) in order for the program to be able to solve the problem
at hand.
PROGRAMMING CYCLE
What is the programming cycle?
The program cycle is a series of steps that your program repeats until an end-of-file condition is
reached.Depending on the specifications you code, the program may or may not use each step
in the cycle.
Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC)
The process contains the five phases of program development: analyzing, designing, coding,
debugging and testing, and implementing and maintaining application software/program.
5 STEPS OF PROGRAMMING CYCLE
1. Problem Analysis
Methodical investigation of a problem and the separation of the problem into smaller related
units for further detailed study.
STEPS
a. Define the Problem and the users
b. Determining the Desired Outputs
c. Determining the Desired Inputs
d. Determine the Desired Processing
e. Double-Check the feasibility of implementing the program.
f. Document the Analysis
2. Program Design
Selecting the best method for solving the problem. Involves determining the sequence of
processing steps within individual programs including Algorithm using Pseudocoding and
Flowcharting
• Determine the program logic using a top-down approach and modularization.
Design details using algorithm, flowchart and Pseudocode.
• Do a structured walkthrough
• Determine the program logic using a top-down approach and modularization.
Design details using algorithm, flowchart and Pseudocode
Algorithm - A list of instructions for carrying out some process step by step.
Flowchart - A visual outline of an algorithm in which the steps and processes to be followed are
represented by symbols.
Pseudocode - An algorithm written in normal human-language statements to describe the logic
and processing flow of the program.
, Sample Pseudocode
1. Read name, hourly rate, hours worked, deductions
2. Calculate: Gross pay=hourly rate multiplied by number of hours worked
Calculate: Net pay= Gross pay minus deductions
3. Write name, Gross Pay, Net pay
Sample of Algorithm
1. Get the following data from the user: employee's name, hourly rate, number of hours worked
and deductions.
2. Calculate the employee's gross pay and net pay
3. Display the employee's name, gross pay and net pay
3. Program Coding
Programmer converts the steps depicted in the program flow chart into readable instructions
that make up the actual program. Can be written at Machine or High Level programming
Languages.
Select the Appropriate Programming Language. (Basic, C++, Visual Basic, Java)
Follow the Syntax (Syntax is the grammar of the programming language. It contains rules
governing the structure and content of the statements.)
4. Program Testing & Debugging
Program testing involves running various tests, such as desk-checking and debugging (These
two are called alpha testing) and then running actual or real data to make sure the program
works.
Steps
Perform desk checking - this is simply reading through (proofreading) or manually testing, the
solution design to make sure that it is free of errors and that the logic works.
Debug the Program
Run Real Data
Debug the Program - After desk-checking, the programmer needs to compile the source code
to convert it into an object code.
A source code refers to the instructions in a programming language.
An object code refers to the instructions in a machine language, which is the language of the
computer.
The process of converting a source code into an object code is called compilation.
During compilation, some errors (called bugs) may be encountered, causing the program's
failure to produce the desired output.
The programmer needs to go through the process of detecting, locating and removing these
errors (the process is called debugging) in order for the program to be able to solve the problem
at hand.
