Queens University GEOL 104 | Final Exam Latest Update
Carbon Dating - ANSWER>>Uses properties of radiocarbon to determine the age of an
object.
Fossil Succession - ANSWER>>A technique used to define the RELATIVE AGE of a
fossil.
Glacial Lake Bed Sediment - ANSWER>>Transported sediment via streams that settle
into meltwater lakes. Creates varves, which are layers of sediment between summer
and winter years.
Kettle hole/lake - ANSWER>>Circular depression from melting of ice buried by till
Drumlin - ANSWER>>When glacial ice flow molds underlying till into an elongated hill.
Relative Age - ANSWER>>The age of one feature with respect to another.
Numeric Age - ANSWER>>The absolute age of a feature in years.
Paleomagnetism - ANSWER>>The study of ancient magnetism preserved in rocks.
Unconformities - ANSWER>>Angular Unconformity: Rocks below were tilted or folded
before the unconformity developed.
Nonconformity: Sediment rocks overlie older intrusive igneous and/or metamorphic
rocks.
Disconformity: Old sedimentary layers erode away overtime, this lasts over a long
period of time before new layers of deposition accumulate. This leaves a gap in
between time periods.
, Stratigraphy - ANSWER>>The discipline that studies the layering of rock layers.
A stratigraphic unit is used to describe parts of formations.
Geologic Contact - ANSWER>>the boundary surface between two formations.
Comparable to other contacts such as faults, unconformities, and intrusive contacts.
Convergent Boundary Seismicity - ANSWER>>Earthquakes can occur at shallow,
intermediate, or deep depths.
Possibly a result from the phase change of olivine to spinel (a denser material).
Intraplate Seismicity - ANSWER>>5% of seismic energy. Earthquakes occur along
ancient, pre-existing faults. Earthquakes here are usually shallow-focus.
Conformable Contact - ANSWER>>No time gap between boundary surfaces
Unconformable Contact - ANSWER>>There is a Time gap between boundary surfaces.
Isotopic Dating - ANSWER>>dating methods based on scientific knowledge about the
rate at which various radioactive isotopes of naturally occurring elements transform
themselves into other elements by losing subatomic particles.
This rate is CONSTANT.
Stable isotopes do not undergo change overtime, while unstable isotopes undergo
radioactive decay by releasing energy but creating a different element.
283U to 206Pb has a half life of 4.5 billion years, roughly the age of Earth!
Carbon Dating - ANSWER>>Uses properties of radiocarbon to determine the age of an
object.
Fossil Succession - ANSWER>>A technique used to define the RELATIVE AGE of a
fossil.
Glacial Lake Bed Sediment - ANSWER>>Transported sediment via streams that settle
into meltwater lakes. Creates varves, which are layers of sediment between summer
and winter years.
Kettle hole/lake - ANSWER>>Circular depression from melting of ice buried by till
Drumlin - ANSWER>>When glacial ice flow molds underlying till into an elongated hill.
Relative Age - ANSWER>>The age of one feature with respect to another.
Numeric Age - ANSWER>>The absolute age of a feature in years.
Paleomagnetism - ANSWER>>The study of ancient magnetism preserved in rocks.
Unconformities - ANSWER>>Angular Unconformity: Rocks below were tilted or folded
before the unconformity developed.
Nonconformity: Sediment rocks overlie older intrusive igneous and/or metamorphic
rocks.
Disconformity: Old sedimentary layers erode away overtime, this lasts over a long
period of time before new layers of deposition accumulate. This leaves a gap in
between time periods.
, Stratigraphy - ANSWER>>The discipline that studies the layering of rock layers.
A stratigraphic unit is used to describe parts of formations.
Geologic Contact - ANSWER>>the boundary surface between two formations.
Comparable to other contacts such as faults, unconformities, and intrusive contacts.
Convergent Boundary Seismicity - ANSWER>>Earthquakes can occur at shallow,
intermediate, or deep depths.
Possibly a result from the phase change of olivine to spinel (a denser material).
Intraplate Seismicity - ANSWER>>5% of seismic energy. Earthquakes occur along
ancient, pre-existing faults. Earthquakes here are usually shallow-focus.
Conformable Contact - ANSWER>>No time gap between boundary surfaces
Unconformable Contact - ANSWER>>There is a Time gap between boundary surfaces.
Isotopic Dating - ANSWER>>dating methods based on scientific knowledge about the
rate at which various radioactive isotopes of naturally occurring elements transform
themselves into other elements by losing subatomic particles.
This rate is CONSTANT.
Stable isotopes do not undergo change overtime, while unstable isotopes undergo
radioactive decay by releasing energy but creating a different element.
283U to 206Pb has a half life of 4.5 billion years, roughly the age of Earth!
