TEST BANK v
TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE
v v v v
vINTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
v v v v
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
v v v v v
,Chapter1 TestAv v v
MULTIPLECHOICE v
INSTRUCTIONS: Thefollowingselections relatetodistinguishingarguments fromnonarguments and v v v v v v v v v v
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
v v v v v v v v
1. Thereappearsto be a growinghappiness gap betweenmen and women. Women todayare working more
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman spent
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
v v v v v v v v v v v
a. Argument; conclusion: Today... the gap is 90 minutesand growing. v v v v v v v v v v
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;conclusion: Forty years ago...anactivityconsidered unpleasant. v v v v v v v v v
d. Argument;conclusion:There appearstobe ...betweenmen and women. v v v v v v v v v v
e. Argument; conclusion:Women todayareworkingmoreandrelaxingless. v v v v v v v v v
ANS: D v PTS: 2 v v
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals in
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
biochemical reactions. In so doingitinterferes withthe proteinsthat regulate blood pressure (whichcancause
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
development delays in childrenand high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
AnneMarie Helmstine,"Your Guide to Chemistry" v v v v v v
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes withtheproteins ...and spermproduction. v v v v v v v v v v
b. Argument;conclusion: Leadistoxic. v v v v
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;conclusion: It preferentiallyreplacesothermetalsinbiochemical reactions. v v v v v v v v v
e. Argument;conclusion: Lead alsodisplaces calcium... recallinformation. v v v v v v v v
ANS: C v PTS: 2 v v
3. Aristotlefocused on clarifyingthe concept of virtueitself. He arguedthat it was virtuous to choosethe proper
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion and action
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
DavidCooper,Value PluralismandEthical Choice v v v v v v
a. Argument;conclusion: In all communities ... capacitytojudge wisely. v v v v v v v v v
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotlefocusedonclarifyingthe concept of virtueitself. v v v v v v v v v v
c. Argument;conclusion:Theyhave the capacityto follow ... thesituation. v v v v v v v v v v
d. Argument; conclusion: Heargued thatit was virtuous... were vices v v v v v v v v v v
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E v PTS: 2 v v
4. Illegal immigrants paylocal sales taxes,and manyof themalso paystate,local,and federal income tax and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these merchants
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employers and the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contribute nothing to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the communities in which they live.
v v v v v v
a. Argument; conclusion: It isnot correct tosay... communities in whichtheylive. v v v v v v v v v v v v v
b. Argument; conclusion:Theyworkfor lowsalaries ...theseemployers pay. v v v v v v v v v v
1
, c. Argument;conclusion: Illegalimmigrantspay... Social Securitytax. v v v v v v v v
d. Argument; conclusion:Theyalso purchase items ... payin taxes. v v v v v v v v v
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A v PTS: 2 v v
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested, over-
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
prostitutionthan women of other ethnic groups. Blackwomen have received significantly longer sentences
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
for crimesagainstpropertyand served longer periodsin prison.For both murder and drug offenses,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
NancyKurshan,"Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." v v v v v v v
a. Argument;conclusion:African-Americanwomen...otherethnicgroups. v v v v v v v
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;conclusion: Forboth murderand drugoffenses ...blackwomen. v v v v v v v v v v
d. Argument;conclusion:Numerousstudieshaveindicated...over-sentenced. v v v v v v v
e. Argument;conclusion: Blackwomen have received ...longer periodsin prison. v v v v v v v v v v
ANS: B v PTS: 2 v v
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
elements lurkinginthe shadows of cyberspace whosend out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity theft
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit pay-
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
per-click ads. v
a. Argument; conclusion:Thereare criminal elements...todetectunprotected PCs. v v v v v v v v v v
b. Argument; conclusion: Oncea vulnerablecomputer ...fencingstolen IDs. v v v v v v v v v
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion:Theyalso defraud...to visit pay-per-clickads. v v v v v v v v v
e. Argument;conclusion: It's even more important ...protected byafirewall. v v v v v v v v v v
ANS: E v PTS: 2 v v
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
atmosphere, andthephenomena of the upperatmosphere andthe magnetospherereflect thestateof
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
HannuKarttunen,et al., Fundamental Astronomy v v v v v
a. Argument; conclusion:Thephenomena ...stateof interplanetaryspace. v v v v v v v v
b. Argument; conclusion:Theearth is also ... for planetologists. v v v v v v v v
c. Argument; conclusion:Theearthis of interest to astronomy. v v v v v v v v
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;conclusion: Nearlyall observations...throughtheatmosphere. v v v v v v v v
ANS: C v PTS: 2 v v
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
abuttingtiger habitat are given a stake in protectingtigers,andthe makers of traditional medicines can be
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion:Thetrade in tiger productsis banned. v v v v v v v v
c. Argument; conclusion:Tiger poachingwillbe halted. v v v v v v
d. Argument; conclusion:Themakers oftraditional medicines...not needed. v v v v v v v v v
e. Argument;conclusion:Tiger poachingwillbe halted ... will be averted. v v v v v v v v v v
2
, ANS: A v PTS: 2 v v
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to understand
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel, learn, remember,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
andthinkall stemfromneuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons communicate are crucial
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental processing.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
RichardGriggs, Psychology: AConciseIntroduction v v v v v
a. Argument; conclusion:Tounderstand our behavior ...the neuron. v v v v v v v v
b. Argument;conclusion:Humansarebiologicalorganisms. v v v v v
c. Argument;conclusion: Howwefeel ...neuronalactivity. v v v v v v v
d. Argument;conclusion: Howaneuron works... mentalprocessing. v v v v v v v v
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D v PTS: 2 v v
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a nucleic acid
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living organisms only when
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and storedin a container on a shelf for
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
years,but theyretain the capacityto invade cells and cause disease.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
JacquelynC. Black,Microbiology:Principlesand Explorations v v v v v v
a. Argument;conclusion:Theyare composed ofa nucleic acid anda few proteins. v v v v v v v v v v v v
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion:Virusesareacellular entities...microscope. v v v v v v v
d. Argument;conclusion: Indeed,some virusescanbecrystallized...cause disease. v v v v v v v v v v
e. Argument;conclusion:Virusesreplicatethemselves...invadedlivingcells. v v v v v v v v
ANS: B v PTS: 2 v v
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming problem.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated bythe wind downby 82 percent since
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells have been
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
developedto converteven greater amounts of sunlight directlyinto electricity. Today the costs of wind and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
v v v v v v v v v
SierraClub,"Global WarmingSolutions" v v v v
a. Argument; conclusion:Todaythe costsof wind ... dirtycoal-fired plants. v v v v v v v v v v
b. Argument; conclusion:Technological advances ...by82 percent since 1981. v v v v v v v v v
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessingthe clean...the global warmingproblem. v v v v v v v v v
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;conclusion: Solar energytechnology... directlyintoelectricity. v v v v v v v v
ANS: D v PTS: 2 v v
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. From
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence played a
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For manyof these
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
prisonersno DNA evidence was available.If such evidence hadbeen available,how may more would have
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
been exonerated?
v v
a. Argument;conclusion: In manyof these cases...played a crucial role. v v v v v v v v v v v
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From1973 ... have been exonerated. v v v v v v v
d. Argument; conclusion: Formanyof these prisoners ...was available. v v v v v v v v v
e. Argument; conclusion: It islikelythatinnocent prisoners ...theydidnot commit. v v v v v v v v v v v v
3
TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE
v v v v
vINTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
v v v v
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
v v v v v
,Chapter1 TestAv v v
MULTIPLECHOICE v
INSTRUCTIONS: Thefollowingselections relatetodistinguishingarguments fromnonarguments and v v v v v v v v v v
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
v v v v v v v v
1. Thereappearsto be a growinghappiness gap betweenmen and women. Women todayare working more
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman spent
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
v v v v v v v v v v v
a. Argument; conclusion: Today... the gap is 90 minutesand growing. v v v v v v v v v v
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;conclusion: Forty years ago...anactivityconsidered unpleasant. v v v v v v v v v
d. Argument;conclusion:There appearstobe ...betweenmen and women. v v v v v v v v v v
e. Argument; conclusion:Women todayareworkingmoreandrelaxingless. v v v v v v v v v
ANS: D v PTS: 2 v v
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals in
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
biochemical reactions. In so doingitinterferes withthe proteinsthat regulate blood pressure (whichcancause
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
development delays in childrenand high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
AnneMarie Helmstine,"Your Guide to Chemistry" v v v v v v
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes withtheproteins ...and spermproduction. v v v v v v v v v v
b. Argument;conclusion: Leadistoxic. v v v v
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;conclusion: It preferentiallyreplacesothermetalsinbiochemical reactions. v v v v v v v v v
e. Argument;conclusion: Lead alsodisplaces calcium... recallinformation. v v v v v v v v
ANS: C v PTS: 2 v v
3. Aristotlefocused on clarifyingthe concept of virtueitself. He arguedthat it was virtuous to choosethe proper
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion and action
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
DavidCooper,Value PluralismandEthical Choice v v v v v v
a. Argument;conclusion: In all communities ... capacitytojudge wisely. v v v v v v v v v
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotlefocusedonclarifyingthe concept of virtueitself. v v v v v v v v v v
c. Argument;conclusion:Theyhave the capacityto follow ... thesituation. v v v v v v v v v v
d. Argument; conclusion: Heargued thatit was virtuous... were vices v v v v v v v v v v
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E v PTS: 2 v v
4. Illegal immigrants paylocal sales taxes,and manyof themalso paystate,local,and federal income tax and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these merchants
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employers and the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contribute nothing to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the communities in which they live.
v v v v v v
a. Argument; conclusion: It isnot correct tosay... communities in whichtheylive. v v v v v v v v v v v v v
b. Argument; conclusion:Theyworkfor lowsalaries ...theseemployers pay. v v v v v v v v v v
1
, c. Argument;conclusion: Illegalimmigrantspay... Social Securitytax. v v v v v v v v
d. Argument; conclusion:Theyalso purchase items ... payin taxes. v v v v v v v v v
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A v PTS: 2 v v
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested, over-
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
prostitutionthan women of other ethnic groups. Blackwomen have received significantly longer sentences
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
for crimesagainstpropertyand served longer periodsin prison.For both murder and drug offenses,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
NancyKurshan,"Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." v v v v v v v
a. Argument;conclusion:African-Americanwomen...otherethnicgroups. v v v v v v v
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;conclusion: Forboth murderand drugoffenses ...blackwomen. v v v v v v v v v v
d. Argument;conclusion:Numerousstudieshaveindicated...over-sentenced. v v v v v v v
e. Argument;conclusion: Blackwomen have received ...longer periodsin prison. v v v v v v v v v v
ANS: B v PTS: 2 v v
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
elements lurkinginthe shadows of cyberspace whosend out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity theft
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit pay-
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
per-click ads. v
a. Argument; conclusion:Thereare criminal elements...todetectunprotected PCs. v v v v v v v v v v
b. Argument; conclusion: Oncea vulnerablecomputer ...fencingstolen IDs. v v v v v v v v v
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion:Theyalso defraud...to visit pay-per-clickads. v v v v v v v v v
e. Argument;conclusion: It's even more important ...protected byafirewall. v v v v v v v v v v
ANS: E v PTS: 2 v v
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
atmosphere, andthephenomena of the upperatmosphere andthe magnetospherereflect thestateof
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
HannuKarttunen,et al., Fundamental Astronomy v v v v v
a. Argument; conclusion:Thephenomena ...stateof interplanetaryspace. v v v v v v v v
b. Argument; conclusion:Theearth is also ... for planetologists. v v v v v v v v
c. Argument; conclusion:Theearthis of interest to astronomy. v v v v v v v v
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;conclusion: Nearlyall observations...throughtheatmosphere. v v v v v v v v
ANS: C v PTS: 2 v v
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
abuttingtiger habitat are given a stake in protectingtigers,andthe makers of traditional medicines can be
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion:Thetrade in tiger productsis banned. v v v v v v v v
c. Argument; conclusion:Tiger poachingwillbe halted. v v v v v v
d. Argument; conclusion:Themakers oftraditional medicines...not needed. v v v v v v v v v
e. Argument;conclusion:Tiger poachingwillbe halted ... will be averted. v v v v v v v v v v
2
, ANS: A v PTS: 2 v v
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to understand
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel, learn, remember,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
andthinkall stemfromneuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons communicate are crucial
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental processing.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
RichardGriggs, Psychology: AConciseIntroduction v v v v v
a. Argument; conclusion:Tounderstand our behavior ...the neuron. v v v v v v v v
b. Argument;conclusion:Humansarebiologicalorganisms. v v v v v
c. Argument;conclusion: Howwefeel ...neuronalactivity. v v v v v v v
d. Argument;conclusion: Howaneuron works... mentalprocessing. v v v v v v v v
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D v PTS: 2 v v
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a nucleic acid
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living organisms only when
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and storedin a container on a shelf for
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
years,but theyretain the capacityto invade cells and cause disease.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
JacquelynC. Black,Microbiology:Principlesand Explorations v v v v v v
a. Argument;conclusion:Theyare composed ofa nucleic acid anda few proteins. v v v v v v v v v v v v
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion:Virusesareacellular entities...microscope. v v v v v v v
d. Argument;conclusion: Indeed,some virusescanbecrystallized...cause disease. v v v v v v v v v v
e. Argument;conclusion:Virusesreplicatethemselves...invadedlivingcells. v v v v v v v v
ANS: B v PTS: 2 v v
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming problem.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated bythe wind downby 82 percent since
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells have been
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
developedto converteven greater amounts of sunlight directlyinto electricity. Today the costs of wind and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
v v v v v v v v v
SierraClub,"Global WarmingSolutions" v v v v
a. Argument; conclusion:Todaythe costsof wind ... dirtycoal-fired plants. v v v v v v v v v v
b. Argument; conclusion:Technological advances ...by82 percent since 1981. v v v v v v v v v
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessingthe clean...the global warmingproblem. v v v v v v v v v
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;conclusion: Solar energytechnology... directlyintoelectricity. v v v v v v v v
ANS: D v PTS: 2 v v
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. From
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence played a
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For manyof these
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
prisonersno DNA evidence was available.If such evidence hadbeen available,how may more would have
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
been exonerated?
v v
a. Argument;conclusion: In manyof these cases...played a crucial role. v v v v v v v v v v v
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From1973 ... have been exonerated. v v v v v v v
d. Argument; conclusion: Formanyof these prisoners ...was available. v v v v v v v v v
e. Argument; conclusion: It islikelythatinnocent prisoners ...theydidnot commit. v v v v v v v v v v v v
3
