APUSH AMSCO Unit 1 (Chapters 1-4)
Exam Questions and Answers 100%
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Mayas - ✔✔built remarkable cities in the rain forests of the Yucatan Peninsula (present-
day Guatemala, Belize, and southern Mexico).
Aztecs - ✔✔were dominating Mexico and Central America,
Incas - ✔✔based in Peru developed a vast empire in South America.
Cultures of Central and South America - ✔✔1. All three civilizations developed highly
organized societies, carried on an extensive trade, and created calendars that were
based on accurate scientific observations.
2. All three cultivated crops that provided a stable food supply, particularly corn
(maize) for the Mayas and Aztecs and potatoes for the Incas.
Language - ✔✔1. American Indian languages constituted more than 20 language
families.
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,2. Among the largest of these were Algonquian in the Northeast, Siouan on the Great
Plains, and Athabaskan in the Southwest. Together, these 20 families included more
than 400 distinct languages.
Southwest Settlements - ✔✔1. Pueblos evolved multifaceted societies supported by
farming with irrigation systems. they lived in caves, under cliffs, and in multistoried
buildings. By the time Europeans arrived, extreme drought and other hostile natives
had taken their toll on these groups.
2. Their life was preserved in the arid land and their stone and masonry dwellings.
Northwest Settlements - ✔✔1. people lived in permanent longhouses or plank houses.
2. They had a rich diet based on hunting, fishing, and gathering nuts, berries, and roots.
3. To save stories, legends, and myths, they carved large totem poles. The high
mountain ranges in this region isolated tribes from one another, creating barriers to
development.
Great Plains - ✔✔1. either nomadic hunters or sedentary people who farmed and
traded.
2. The nomadic tribes survived on hunting, principally the buffalo, which supplied their
food as well as decorations, crafting tools, knives, and clothing.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,3. They lived in tepees, frames of poles covered in animal skins, which were easily
disassembled and transported. While the farming tribes also hunted buffalo, they lived
permanently in earthen lodges often along rivers.
4. Not until the 17th century did American Indians acquire horses by trading or stealing
them from Spanish settlers.
5. The plains tribes would at times merge or split apart as conditions changed.
Migration also was common. For example, the Apaches gradually migrated southward
from Canada to Texas.
Midwest Settlements - ✔✔1. prospered with a rich food supply. Supported by hunting,
fishing, and agriculture, many permanent settlements developed in the Mississippi and
Ohio River valleys and elsewhere.
2. famous for the large earthen mounds it created, some as large as 300 feet long.
Northeast Settlements - ✔✔1. Their culture combined hunting and farming. However,
their farming techniques exhausted the soil quickly, so people had to move to fresh land
frequently.
2. the Iroquois were a powerful force, battling rival American Indians as well as
Europeans.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, Iroquois Confederation - ✔✔a political union of five independent tribes who lived in
the Mohawk Valley of New York. The five tribes were the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga,
Oneida, and Mohawk.
Europe Moves Toward Exploration - ✔✔Until the late 1400s, Americans and the people
of Europe, Africa, and Asia had no knowledge of the people on the other side of the
Atlantic Ocean.
Improvements in Technology - ✔✔1. In Europe, a rebirth of classical learning prompted
an outburst of artistic and scientific activity in the 15th and 16th centuries known as the
Renaissance.
2.they began to use gunpowder (invented by the Chinese) and the sailing compass
(adopted from Arab merchants who learned about it from the Chinese).
3.Europeans also made major improvements in shipbuilding and mapmaking. In
addition, the invention of the printing press in the 1450s aided the spread of knowledge
across Europe.
Protestant Revolt in Northern Europe - ✔✔1. Conflict between Catholics and
Protestants led to a series of religious wars. The conflict also caused the Catholics of
Spain and Portugal and the Protestants of England and Holland to want to spread their
own versions of Christianity to people in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Thus, a
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
Exam Questions and Answers 100%
Pass
Mayas - ✔✔built remarkable cities in the rain forests of the Yucatan Peninsula (present-
day Guatemala, Belize, and southern Mexico).
Aztecs - ✔✔were dominating Mexico and Central America,
Incas - ✔✔based in Peru developed a vast empire in South America.
Cultures of Central and South America - ✔✔1. All three civilizations developed highly
organized societies, carried on an extensive trade, and created calendars that were
based on accurate scientific observations.
2. All three cultivated crops that provided a stable food supply, particularly corn
(maize) for the Mayas and Aztecs and potatoes for the Incas.
Language - ✔✔1. American Indian languages constituted more than 20 language
families.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,2. Among the largest of these were Algonquian in the Northeast, Siouan on the Great
Plains, and Athabaskan in the Southwest. Together, these 20 families included more
than 400 distinct languages.
Southwest Settlements - ✔✔1. Pueblos evolved multifaceted societies supported by
farming with irrigation systems. they lived in caves, under cliffs, and in multistoried
buildings. By the time Europeans arrived, extreme drought and other hostile natives
had taken their toll on these groups.
2. Their life was preserved in the arid land and their stone and masonry dwellings.
Northwest Settlements - ✔✔1. people lived in permanent longhouses or plank houses.
2. They had a rich diet based on hunting, fishing, and gathering nuts, berries, and roots.
3. To save stories, legends, and myths, they carved large totem poles. The high
mountain ranges in this region isolated tribes from one another, creating barriers to
development.
Great Plains - ✔✔1. either nomadic hunters or sedentary people who farmed and
traded.
2. The nomadic tribes survived on hunting, principally the buffalo, which supplied their
food as well as decorations, crafting tools, knives, and clothing.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,3. They lived in tepees, frames of poles covered in animal skins, which were easily
disassembled and transported. While the farming tribes also hunted buffalo, they lived
permanently in earthen lodges often along rivers.
4. Not until the 17th century did American Indians acquire horses by trading or stealing
them from Spanish settlers.
5. The plains tribes would at times merge or split apart as conditions changed.
Migration also was common. For example, the Apaches gradually migrated southward
from Canada to Texas.
Midwest Settlements - ✔✔1. prospered with a rich food supply. Supported by hunting,
fishing, and agriculture, many permanent settlements developed in the Mississippi and
Ohio River valleys and elsewhere.
2. famous for the large earthen mounds it created, some as large as 300 feet long.
Northeast Settlements - ✔✔1. Their culture combined hunting and farming. However,
their farming techniques exhausted the soil quickly, so people had to move to fresh land
frequently.
2. the Iroquois were a powerful force, battling rival American Indians as well as
Europeans.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, Iroquois Confederation - ✔✔a political union of five independent tribes who lived in
the Mohawk Valley of New York. The five tribes were the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga,
Oneida, and Mohawk.
Europe Moves Toward Exploration - ✔✔Until the late 1400s, Americans and the people
of Europe, Africa, and Asia had no knowledge of the people on the other side of the
Atlantic Ocean.
Improvements in Technology - ✔✔1. In Europe, a rebirth of classical learning prompted
an outburst of artistic and scientific activity in the 15th and 16th centuries known as the
Renaissance.
2.they began to use gunpowder (invented by the Chinese) and the sailing compass
(adopted from Arab merchants who learned about it from the Chinese).
3.Europeans also made major improvements in shipbuilding and mapmaking. In
addition, the invention of the printing press in the 1450s aided the spread of knowledge
across Europe.
Protestant Revolt in Northern Europe - ✔✔1. Conflict between Catholics and
Protestants led to a series of religious wars. The conflict also caused the Catholics of
Spain and Portugal and the Protestants of England and Holland to want to spread their
own versions of Christianity to people in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Thus, a
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
