PH 310 - Exam 1 Study Guide With
Complete Solution
According to Kant, a categorical imperative is: - ANSWER An unconditional command
Happiness can be achieved in a brief time for Aristotle, if one pursues intellectual
activities. - ANSWER false
According to natural rights theorists, natural rights: - ANSWER are rights we are born
with.
According to Rawls's difference principle, all social and economic inequalities must be:
- ANSWER to everyone's advantage.
As defined by Mill, a paternalistic government is one that: - ANSWER legislates against
self-regarding virtues.
A Good Will is the only thing good without qualification, according to Kant. - ANSWER
true
A final end is something which is always chosen for its own sake and never for the sake
of something else, according to Aristotle. - ANSWER true
In Kant's realm of ends, duty pertains to: - ANSWER each member.
According to Aristotle, virtue is a mean between: - ANSWER excess and deficiency.
What is the condition of a will good in itself, for Kant? - ANSWER duty
The conception of persons focused on by the ethics of care emphasizes: - ANSWER
relationships
Which of the following is valuable only for its results, not in itself, according to Plato? -
ANSWER care of the sick
What is Rawls' "veil of ignorance"? - ANSWER A test for determining fundamental
principles of social justice.
What is the approach of the ethics of care to emotions? - ANSWER They should be
valued
According to the textbook, if moral relativism is true, we cannot criticize the norms of
our society or the moral commitments of others. - ANSWER false
According to Aristotle, moral goodness is the disposition to act in the best way when we
, deal with: - ANSWER pleasures and pains.
According to Aristotle, a moral virtue is a disposition that: - ANSWER helps us to achieve
total well-being.
According to Aristotle, moral virtues are implanted in us by nature. - ANSWER false
According to Held, the ethics of care starts with - ANSWER The moral claims of
particular others
According to Mill, the only thing that is good in itself is: - ANSWER pleasure
What does post hoc, ergo propter hoc mean? - ANSWER After this, therefore because of
this
Which informal fallacy relies on two different meaning of the same word to reach a
conclusion? - ANSWER equivocation
What is an appeal to ignorance? - ANSWER Arguing that a claim is true because we
have no evidence proving otherwise
By moral intuition, the textbook authors mean: - ANSWER a moral conviction that strikes
us a right but unprovable
In a sound deductive argument, the argument form must be valid or the premises must
be true, but not necessarily both. - ANSWER false
An ad hominem argument is: - ANSWER An attack on the opponent rather than the
opponent's argument
In inductive arguments, truthful statements make it more reasonable than not to accept
the conclusion, but do not guarantee its truth. - ANSWER true
Which of the following is not an example of an informal fallacy? - ANSWER
Truth-preserving rule
A straw man argument is a distortion of an opponent's actual position. - ANSWER true
The purpose of a control group in a test trying to establish a causal link is to: - ANSWER
help rule out other explanations
One warranted inductive argument may be less conclusive than another warranted
inductive argument. - ANSWER true
According to the textbook, when reasoning inductively: - ANSWER the more closely our
reasoning resembles a scientist's, the better it is
What is a good inductive argument called? - ANSWER a warranted argument
A fallacy is: - ANSWER An unreliable means of arguing
Complete Solution
According to Kant, a categorical imperative is: - ANSWER An unconditional command
Happiness can be achieved in a brief time for Aristotle, if one pursues intellectual
activities. - ANSWER false
According to natural rights theorists, natural rights: - ANSWER are rights we are born
with.
According to Rawls's difference principle, all social and economic inequalities must be:
- ANSWER to everyone's advantage.
As defined by Mill, a paternalistic government is one that: - ANSWER legislates against
self-regarding virtues.
A Good Will is the only thing good without qualification, according to Kant. - ANSWER
true
A final end is something which is always chosen for its own sake and never for the sake
of something else, according to Aristotle. - ANSWER true
In Kant's realm of ends, duty pertains to: - ANSWER each member.
According to Aristotle, virtue is a mean between: - ANSWER excess and deficiency.
What is the condition of a will good in itself, for Kant? - ANSWER duty
The conception of persons focused on by the ethics of care emphasizes: - ANSWER
relationships
Which of the following is valuable only for its results, not in itself, according to Plato? -
ANSWER care of the sick
What is Rawls' "veil of ignorance"? - ANSWER A test for determining fundamental
principles of social justice.
What is the approach of the ethics of care to emotions? - ANSWER They should be
valued
According to the textbook, if moral relativism is true, we cannot criticize the norms of
our society or the moral commitments of others. - ANSWER false
According to Aristotle, moral goodness is the disposition to act in the best way when we
, deal with: - ANSWER pleasures and pains.
According to Aristotle, a moral virtue is a disposition that: - ANSWER helps us to achieve
total well-being.
According to Aristotle, moral virtues are implanted in us by nature. - ANSWER false
According to Held, the ethics of care starts with - ANSWER The moral claims of
particular others
According to Mill, the only thing that is good in itself is: - ANSWER pleasure
What does post hoc, ergo propter hoc mean? - ANSWER After this, therefore because of
this
Which informal fallacy relies on two different meaning of the same word to reach a
conclusion? - ANSWER equivocation
What is an appeal to ignorance? - ANSWER Arguing that a claim is true because we
have no evidence proving otherwise
By moral intuition, the textbook authors mean: - ANSWER a moral conviction that strikes
us a right but unprovable
In a sound deductive argument, the argument form must be valid or the premises must
be true, but not necessarily both. - ANSWER false
An ad hominem argument is: - ANSWER An attack on the opponent rather than the
opponent's argument
In inductive arguments, truthful statements make it more reasonable than not to accept
the conclusion, but do not guarantee its truth. - ANSWER true
Which of the following is not an example of an informal fallacy? - ANSWER
Truth-preserving rule
A straw man argument is a distortion of an opponent's actual position. - ANSWER true
The purpose of a control group in a test trying to establish a causal link is to: - ANSWER
help rule out other explanations
One warranted inductive argument may be less conclusive than another warranted
inductive argument. - ANSWER true
According to the textbook, when reasoning inductively: - ANSWER the more closely our
reasoning resembles a scientist's, the better it is
What is a good inductive argument called? - ANSWER a warranted argument
A fallacy is: - ANSWER An unreliable means of arguing
