ADULT HEALTH NR 325 FINAL EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ( Verified Answers)
What are the 3 P's of Diabetes? - ANSWER -Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Why is polyuria seen in diabetes? - ANSWER -because your body is trying to get
rid of the extra glucose
Why is polydipsia seen in diabetes? - ANSWER -because your body thinks its
dehydrated from all the urination
Why is polyphagia seen in diabetes? - ANSWER -polyphagia means super hungry
People with diabetes are super hungry because there is no glucose being let into the
cells (which is what is needed to create energy/ATP) This makes the body think
that it needs more glucose
What are some signs that a person is experiencing diabetic keto acidosis? -
ANSWER --kussmaul respirations- rapidly blowing off excess CO2
-altered LOC (may seem intoxicated)
-increased potassium (because H+ is going into the cell, forcing potassium out of
the cell)
- the 3 P's
- sweet fruity smelling breath
What would be the first thing you would do for someone who is experiencing
DKA? Then what would you do? - ANSWER -First give fluids (isotonic- NS
0.9%NaCl)
Then, give regular insulin by IV.
*Note that Regular insulin is the ONLY insulin that can be given by IV
, What kind of compensation does the body do when someone is experiencing
DKA? why? - ANSWER -they compensate via their respiratory system (deep,
rapid respirations) because when they are experiencing DKA they are in metabolic
acidosis.
*This compensation occurs rapidly but, is not extremely effective and a therapeutic
approach is needed to help the problem
What is metformin used for? what is its MOA? - ANSWER -It is used in diabetes
and it decreases hepatic glucose creation and increases insulin sensitivity
What should be tried before metformin therapy? - ANSWER -lifestyle changes
What makes insulin? - ANSWER -beta cells in the pancreas
Stage 1 of DM Type I is AKA ____________________
How long does this stage last? - ANSWER -honeymoon period lasts 3-12 months
after diagnosis
It is known as the honeymoon period because only a small amount of insulin is
needed because their are still beta cells creating insulin
What are the 3 stages of Type I DM for? - ANSWER -They stand for beta cell
decline, meaning the more beta cells that are ruined, the less insulin is being
produced and then the more insulin is needed via medication.
If an individuals A1C is between 5.7%-6.4% they are in what category of
diabetes? - ANSWER -Pre-diabetes because this is elevated but not high enough to
be labeled diabetes
What does A1C measure? - ANSWER -amount of glucose on hemoglobin in the
blood
, What range of 2 Hr GTT (2-hour glucose tolerance test) is considered pre-
diabetic? - ANSWER -140-199 mg/dL because this is elevated but not high
enough to be labeled diabetes
What range of intermittent fasting glucose is pre-diabetic? - ANSWER -100-125
mg/dL
What are the ranges for A1C, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose and 2
Hr GTT for someone with Type II DM? - ANSWER -A1C- > 6.4
FBG- >/= 126 mg/dL
random BG- > 200 mg/dL
2 Hr GTT- >/= 200 mg/dL
Why is high fructose corn syrup bad? - ANSWER -it tricks the brain because our
body cannot process it, which makes you crave more sugar and causes weight gain
Alcohol blocks ____________________________ - ANSWER -Gluconeogenesis
causing low plasma glucose levels
When mixing insulins, what is the correct process? - ANSWER -Air into cloudy
Air into clear
Draw up clear
Draw up cloudy
What does basal rate of insulin mean? - ANSWER -this is the normal amount of
insulin you're going to give to a specific patient before meals
What is sliding scale insulin? - ANSWER -units of insulin given on top of basal
insulin
Ex: you're always going to be giving basal insulin but you may not always be
giving sliding scale insulin (it depends on their blood glucose reading)
What type of diabetic medication is an insulin stimulator? Give a couple examples
- ANSWER -sulfonylureas (oral medication) Ex: glimepiride & glipizide
AND ANSWERS ( Verified Answers)
What are the 3 P's of Diabetes? - ANSWER -Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Why is polyuria seen in diabetes? - ANSWER -because your body is trying to get
rid of the extra glucose
Why is polydipsia seen in diabetes? - ANSWER -because your body thinks its
dehydrated from all the urination
Why is polyphagia seen in diabetes? - ANSWER -polyphagia means super hungry
People with diabetes are super hungry because there is no glucose being let into the
cells (which is what is needed to create energy/ATP) This makes the body think
that it needs more glucose
What are some signs that a person is experiencing diabetic keto acidosis? -
ANSWER --kussmaul respirations- rapidly blowing off excess CO2
-altered LOC (may seem intoxicated)
-increased potassium (because H+ is going into the cell, forcing potassium out of
the cell)
- the 3 P's
- sweet fruity smelling breath
What would be the first thing you would do for someone who is experiencing
DKA? Then what would you do? - ANSWER -First give fluids (isotonic- NS
0.9%NaCl)
Then, give regular insulin by IV.
*Note that Regular insulin is the ONLY insulin that can be given by IV
, What kind of compensation does the body do when someone is experiencing
DKA? why? - ANSWER -they compensate via their respiratory system (deep,
rapid respirations) because when they are experiencing DKA they are in metabolic
acidosis.
*This compensation occurs rapidly but, is not extremely effective and a therapeutic
approach is needed to help the problem
What is metformin used for? what is its MOA? - ANSWER -It is used in diabetes
and it decreases hepatic glucose creation and increases insulin sensitivity
What should be tried before metformin therapy? - ANSWER -lifestyle changes
What makes insulin? - ANSWER -beta cells in the pancreas
Stage 1 of DM Type I is AKA ____________________
How long does this stage last? - ANSWER -honeymoon period lasts 3-12 months
after diagnosis
It is known as the honeymoon period because only a small amount of insulin is
needed because their are still beta cells creating insulin
What are the 3 stages of Type I DM for? - ANSWER -They stand for beta cell
decline, meaning the more beta cells that are ruined, the less insulin is being
produced and then the more insulin is needed via medication.
If an individuals A1C is between 5.7%-6.4% they are in what category of
diabetes? - ANSWER -Pre-diabetes because this is elevated but not high enough to
be labeled diabetes
What does A1C measure? - ANSWER -amount of glucose on hemoglobin in the
blood
, What range of 2 Hr GTT (2-hour glucose tolerance test) is considered pre-
diabetic? - ANSWER -140-199 mg/dL because this is elevated but not high
enough to be labeled diabetes
What range of intermittent fasting glucose is pre-diabetic? - ANSWER -100-125
mg/dL
What are the ranges for A1C, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose and 2
Hr GTT for someone with Type II DM? - ANSWER -A1C- > 6.4
FBG- >/= 126 mg/dL
random BG- > 200 mg/dL
2 Hr GTT- >/= 200 mg/dL
Why is high fructose corn syrup bad? - ANSWER -it tricks the brain because our
body cannot process it, which makes you crave more sugar and causes weight gain
Alcohol blocks ____________________________ - ANSWER -Gluconeogenesis
causing low plasma glucose levels
When mixing insulins, what is the correct process? - ANSWER -Air into cloudy
Air into clear
Draw up clear
Draw up cloudy
What does basal rate of insulin mean? - ANSWER -this is the normal amount of
insulin you're going to give to a specific patient before meals
What is sliding scale insulin? - ANSWER -units of insulin given on top of basal
insulin
Ex: you're always going to be giving basal insulin but you may not always be
giving sliding scale insulin (it depends on their blood glucose reading)
What type of diabetic medication is an insulin stimulator? Give a couple examples
- ANSWER -sulfonylureas (oral medication) Ex: glimepiride & glipizide
