CMPC Study Guide Questions with correct Answers

CMPC Study Guide Questions with correct Answers The Female Triad relationships between energy availability (low vs. high; e.g., eating disorders), menstrual function (functional hypothalamic amenorrhea vs. eumenorrhea), and bone mineral density (optimal bone health vs. osteoporosis) energy availability Dietary intake minus exercise energy expenditure 1st energy goal to manage increase energy availability by increasing energy intake and/or reducing exercise energy expenditure (nutritional counseling/monitoring) Self-determination theory autonomy, relatedness, competence negotiating reality defined (Friedman) - active awareness of oneself as a complex being and the effect of one's culture on thinking and action - an ability to engage with others to explore tacit assumptions that underlie behavior and goals - an openness to testing out different ways of thinking and doing things Bennet (1998) six-stage model of working with cultural differences 1. denial of difference (isolation) 2. defense (perceiving cultural difference as a threat to their worldview) 3. minimization (accepting superficial differences while maintaining the assumption that people are basically the same) 4. acceptance (recognizing the viability of different cultural norms 5. adaptation (knowing enough about another culture to intentionally shift frame of reference and modify behavior to fit its norms) 6. integration (reconciling cultural differences and forging a multicultural identity) Negotiating reality underlying beliefs - all people are of equal importance and worthy of equal respect - as cultural beings, people differ because they possess different repertoires of ways of seeing and doing things - the repertoire of no individual or group merits a priori superiority or right to dominance advocacy clearly expressing and standing up for what one thinks and desires inquiry exploring and questioning both one's own reasoning and the reasoning of others (often requires a conscious effort to suspend judgment, experience doubt, and accept a degree of uncertainty until a new understanding is achieved) Trans-theoretical model of change pre-contemplation, contemplation (in next 6 months), preparation (some, irregular activity), action ( 6 months), maintenance ( 6 months) racial microaggressions brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of color microassault an explicit racial derogation characterized primarily by a verbal or nonverbal attack meant to hurt the intended victim through name-calling, avoidant behavior, or purposefully discriminatory actions microinsult characterized by communications that convey rudeness and insensitivity and demean a person's racial heritage or identity microinvalidations characterized by communications that exclude, negate, or nullify the psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of a person of color nine categories of microaggressions - alien in one's own land - ascription of intelligence - color blindness - criminality/assumption of criminal status - denial of individual racism - myth of meritocracy - pathologizing cultural values/communication styles - second-class status - environmental invalidation interviewing techniques motivational interviewing; micro skills; effective questioning performance indicators body language; emotional displays; communication pattens; response to adversity mental preparation plan goal setting; imagery; relaxation and energization; self-talk; putting it together/routines Coach Effectiveness Training (CET) focus on athletes' effort and enjoyment rather than statistics or scores; emphasize positive reinforcement, encouragement, and sound technical instruction; establish norms that emphasize athletes' obligations to support one another; involve athletes in decisions regarding team rules and reinforce compliance with rules; become more aware of one's own behavior as a coach coach responses to mistakes mistake-contingent encouragement; mistake-contingent technical instruction; punishment; punitive technical instruction; ignoring mistakes game-related coach behavior general technical instruction; general encouragement; organization/administrative behavior building team cohesion in sport - set team goals - ensure athletes' roles are understood and accepted - ensure team meetings and practices are efficient - ensure leadership is coherent, effective, and acceptable - examine the way in which the team functions - examine the relationships among team members - diagnose potential weaknesses and minimize their effects on the team contextual intelligence factors culture; values; attitudes; history and language of the performance domain; consultant role within performance and training environment; organizational structure Attribution theory cause of behavior is either dispositional (fundamental attribution error) or situational (blame behavior on external/situational reasons) Catastrophe model of anxiety proposed four specific relationships between cognitive anxiety, physiological arousal, and performance (high vs. low) When physiological arousal is low cognitive anxiety has a positive linear relationship with performance When physiological arousal is high Cognitive anxiety will have a negative relationship with performance When cognitive anxiety is low physiological arousal has an inverted U-shaped relationship with performance When cognitive anxiety is high increased levels of physiological arousal lead to a catastrophic drop in athletic performance (a large reduction in physiological arousal is needed to increase performance) Cue utilization model a theory that predicts that, as an athlete's arousal increase, his or her attention focus narrows and the narrowing process tends to gate out irrelevant environmental cues first and then, if arousal is high enough, the relevant ones IZOF model suggests that each athlete could find out his/her optimal combination of useful emotions and learn how to reach their unique state prior to competitions Multidimensional anxiety model predicts that an increase in cognitive state anxiety has a negative effect on performance Reversal theory proposes that the needs and desires directing human behavior switch back and forth between one state of mind and another during the course of the day (autic/alloic, mastery/sympathy, telic/paratelic) Learned helplessness a condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed Self-efficacy theory proposes that self-efficacy is fundamental to initiating certain behavior necessary for competent behavior (enhanced by successful performances, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal) sources of self-efficacy Mastery experiences; vicarious experiences; verbal persuasion; emotional and physiological states; imaginal experiences Social cognitive theory an approach to social learning, incorporating findings from research into learning, memory, and social cognition, and focusing on people's thoughts and how they affect social behavior Lewin's behavioral leadership styles (participative leadership) autocratic (make decisions without consulting their teams), democratic (allow the team to provide input), & laissez-faire (don't interfere) Fiedler's contingency model (situational leadership) task-oriented leaders usually view their LPCs more negatively (good at completing tasks and organizing a group) & relationship-oriented leaders usually view their LPCs more positively (good at managing conflict and making complex decisions) Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership telling, selling, participating, and delegating House and Mitchell's path-goal theory (situational leadership) directive, supportive, participative, and achievement French and Raven's power model legitimate, reward, expert, referent, coercive, and informational Transactional leadership assumes people do things for reward and for no other reason (focused on designing tasks and reward structures)